WEBVTT 00:00:00.292 --> 00:00:02.250 align:center line:84% BRIANNA BLASER: We're excited to have you today 00:00:02.250 --> 00:00:06.270 align:center line:84% for this webinar on accessible tools for K-12 computer science 00:00:06.270 --> 00:00:07.950 align:center line:90% education. 00:00:07.950 --> 00:00:10.690 align:center line:84% If you're not aware, this is Computer Science Education 00:00:10.690 --> 00:00:11.190 align:center line:90% Week. 00:00:11.190 --> 00:00:14.010 align:center line:84% And so in the theme of CS Education Week, 00:00:14.010 --> 00:00:16.030 align:center line:84% this year is celebrating progress. 00:00:16.030 --> 00:00:17.670 align:center line:90% And I think it's-- 00:00:17.670 --> 00:00:19.620 align:center line:84% as I've been thinking about it this week, 00:00:19.620 --> 00:00:21.480 align:center line:84% it's pretty exciting to celebrate 00:00:21.480 --> 00:00:24.750 align:center line:84% the advances in accessibility over the last few years 00:00:24.750 --> 00:00:26.710 align:center line:90% for students with disabilities. 00:00:26.710 --> 00:00:30.030 align:center line:84% So today, we're going to hear from Richard Ladner 00:00:30.030 --> 00:00:33.000 align:center line:84% at the University of Washington, Laura Milne at Macalester 00:00:33.000 --> 00:00:36.870 align:center line:84% College, and Andreas Stefik at the University of Nevada Las 00:00:36.870 --> 00:00:38.610 align:center line:90% Vegas. 00:00:38.610 --> 00:00:41.070 align:center line:84% Richard will be talking about what is accessibility. 00:00:41.070 --> 00:00:43.650 align:center line:84% Lauren will be talking about her tool, Blocks4All. 00:00:43.650 --> 00:00:46.740 align:center line:84% And Stefik will be talking about Quorum. 00:00:46.740 --> 00:00:48.810 align:center line:84% So I'm excited to have them with us today. 00:00:48.810 --> 00:00:52.750 align:center line:84% And I'll turn it over to Richard. 00:00:52.750 --> 00:00:55.790 align:center line:84% RICHARD LADNER: Hello, everybody. 00:00:55.790 --> 00:00:57.700 align:center line:84% I'm Richard Ladner, professor emeritus 00:00:57.700 --> 00:01:01.540 align:center line:84% at the University of Washington and the Paul G Allen 00:01:01.540 --> 00:01:03.610 align:center line:84% School of Computer Science and Engineering. 00:01:03.610 --> 00:01:05.379 align:center line:84% And Brianna, there might be other people 00:01:05.379 --> 00:01:06.684 align:center line:90% that went to that-- 00:01:09.980 --> 00:01:11.440 align:center line:84% BRIANNA BLASER: The only ones who 00:01:11.440 --> 00:01:14.620 align:center line:84% got the calendar invite were the speakers, 00:01:14.620 --> 00:01:16.630 align:center line:84% so that shouldn't have gotten to anybody else. 00:01:16.630 --> 00:01:17.588 align:center line:90% RICHARD LADNER: Oh, OK. 00:01:17.588 --> 00:01:20.380 align:center line:84% So we have like three segments to our presentation today. 00:01:20.380 --> 00:01:22.300 align:center line:84% I'll talk about just what is accessibility 00:01:22.300 --> 00:01:25.960 align:center line:84% from a certain kind of perspective. 00:01:25.960 --> 00:01:29.380 align:center line:84% And then Lauren will talk about her project, Blocks4All. 00:01:29.380 --> 00:01:34.970 align:center line:84% And Stefik will talk about his project, Quorum. 00:01:34.970 --> 00:01:39.790 align:center line:84% And these are all tools for accessible education. 00:01:39.790 --> 00:01:42.940 align:center line:90% So what does accessibility mean? 00:01:42.940 --> 00:01:45.820 align:center line:84% And I would like to come up with an example. 00:01:45.820 --> 00:01:50.650 align:center line:84% And this is a student, Raina, who I met back in 2013 when 00:01:50.650 --> 00:01:53.260 align:center line:90% she was on our program of mine. 00:01:53.260 --> 00:01:56.260 align:center line:84% It was, I think, about an eight week program 00:01:56.260 --> 00:01:58.120 align:center line:90% that met on Saturday mornings. 00:01:58.120 --> 00:02:04.760 align:center line:84% And I think this particular project was done in-- 00:02:04.760 --> 00:02:08.715 align:center line:84% they built individual projects in Scratch. 00:02:08.715 --> 00:02:10.090 align:center line:84% And so that was kind of exciting. 00:02:10.090 --> 00:02:14.500 align:center line:84% Anyway, Raina has multiple disabilities. 00:02:14.500 --> 00:02:16.240 align:center line:90% She's deaf. 00:02:16.240 --> 00:02:20.440 align:center line:84% She's blind-- or at least she has very low vision. 00:02:20.440 --> 00:02:23.110 align:center line:90% And she also has cerebral palsy. 00:02:23.110 --> 00:02:25.330 align:center line:84% But I got to know her pretty well. 00:02:25.330 --> 00:02:28.390 align:center line:84% And she is completely intellectually capable 00:02:28.390 --> 00:02:30.190 align:center line:90% of doing computer science. 00:02:30.190 --> 00:02:32.410 align:center line:84% She was kind of a brilliant student 00:02:32.410 --> 00:02:35.830 align:center line:90% in her own right and a writer. 00:02:35.830 --> 00:02:44.200 align:center line:84% So I can recall when we had this Saturday program. 00:02:44.200 --> 00:02:46.960 align:center line:84% The parent of Raina came to me and asked me, 00:02:46.960 --> 00:02:49.060 align:center line:90% can Raina participate? 00:02:49.060 --> 00:02:51.090 align:center line:84% And of course, I didn't know her at the time. 00:02:51.090 --> 00:02:53.980 align:center line:90% And he was very reluctant. 00:02:53.980 --> 00:02:56.230 align:center line:84% He said, well, are you going to make it accessible? 00:02:56.230 --> 00:02:57.230 align:center line:90% And things like that. 00:02:57.230 --> 00:02:58.930 align:center line:90% And I said, we will do that. 00:02:58.930 --> 00:03:01.760 align:center line:84% We will make it as accessible as possible. 00:03:01.760 --> 00:03:05.110 align:center line:84% And then once I met Raina, we had to do a lot of stuff 00:03:05.110 --> 00:03:07.700 align:center line:84% to make sure that she could participate. 00:03:07.700 --> 00:03:10.840 align:center line:84% For example, we have there a sign language interpreter 00:03:10.840 --> 00:03:13.990 align:center line:84% on the same screen that she could 00:03:13.990 --> 00:03:17.350 align:center line:90% see well enough to see signs. 00:03:17.350 --> 00:03:21.290 align:center line:84% And her own sign language was somewhat distorted. 00:03:21.290 --> 00:03:25.390 align:center line:84% And so having somebody that was sort of a sign language expert 00:03:25.390 --> 00:03:28.120 align:center line:90% to read her signs was great. 00:03:28.120 --> 00:03:31.623 align:center line:90% She didn't talk at all. 00:03:31.623 --> 00:03:33.040 align:center line:84% And there's another picture of her 00:03:33.040 --> 00:03:35.470 align:center line:90% on the left in her wheelchair. 00:03:35.470 --> 00:03:38.570 align:center line:84% And by the way, she always had a smile on her face. 00:03:38.570 --> 00:03:39.820 align:center line:90% And she had fun. 00:03:39.820 --> 00:03:41.920 align:center line:90% And she really enjoyed herself. 00:03:41.920 --> 00:03:44.980 align:center line:84% And here's some of the technology that she used. 00:03:44.980 --> 00:03:47.710 align:center line:84% For one thing, because she had this low vision, 00:03:47.710 --> 00:03:50.260 align:center line:84% we had a large monitor that she could 00:03:50.260 --> 00:03:53.380 align:center line:90% look at her Scratch screen. 00:03:53.380 --> 00:03:56.410 align:center line:84% She was able to use a joystick as opposed 00:03:56.410 --> 00:03:59.260 align:center line:84% to a mouse, which is on the upper left there. 00:03:59.260 --> 00:04:02.380 align:center line:84% She also used a communication board because she didn't speak. 00:04:02.380 --> 00:04:06.250 align:center line:84% And that's called augmentative and alternative communication, 00:04:06.250 --> 00:04:09.040 align:center line:90% or AAC, on the upper right. 00:04:09.040 --> 00:04:11.620 align:center line:84% And then she actually was able to type, 00:04:11.620 --> 00:04:13.480 align:center line:90% but she needed a keyguard. 00:04:13.480 --> 00:04:16.720 align:center line:84% So when she hit one key, her finger would stick in there, 00:04:16.720 --> 00:04:19.269 align:center line:84% so you can see that sort of in three dimensions. 00:04:19.269 --> 00:04:22.630 align:center line:84% The Q there, if she wanted to hit a Q, 00:04:22.630 --> 00:04:25.860 align:center line:84% she wouldn't slide over to the W, or the A, or the S. 00:04:25.860 --> 00:04:29.650 align:center line:84% And so this is some of the technology that we use, 00:04:29.650 --> 00:04:34.570 align:center line:84% plus the human sign language interpreter. 00:04:34.570 --> 00:04:37.400 align:center line:90% So that's making it accessible. 00:04:37.400 --> 00:04:39.880 align:center line:84% So when we think about accessibility 00:04:39.880 --> 00:04:43.100 align:center line:84% for computer science, well, computer science 00:04:43.100 --> 00:04:44.330 align:center line:90% is about computers. 00:04:44.330 --> 00:04:47.750 align:center line:84% And so we want to have access to computers. 00:04:47.750 --> 00:04:51.650 align:center line:84% And fortunately, there is a lot of access technology 00:04:51.650 --> 00:04:53.810 align:center line:90% for computers. 00:04:53.810 --> 00:04:55.490 align:center line:90% There are screen readers. 00:04:55.490 --> 00:05:01.430 align:center line:84% A screen reader would use keyboard input or no mouse. 00:05:01.430 --> 00:05:04.460 align:center line:84% Or you could use touch on a touch screen. 00:05:04.460 --> 00:05:06.293 align:center line:84% The output would be speech or Braille. 00:05:06.293 --> 00:05:08.210 align:center line:84% So for example, the picture in the upper right 00:05:08.210 --> 00:05:12.230 align:center line:84% is a person getting an output both in speech and in Braille. 00:05:12.230 --> 00:05:14.210 align:center line:84% And the Braille is very helpful for programming 00:05:14.210 --> 00:05:17.150 align:center line:84% because you get all the details, while the speech might 00:05:17.150 --> 00:05:19.940 align:center line:84% be leaving things out, like curly braces 00:05:19.940 --> 00:05:25.190 align:center line:84% and strange symbols that occur in programs. 00:05:25.190 --> 00:05:27.050 align:center line:90% There's also switch access. 00:05:27.050 --> 00:05:30.350 align:center line:84% So it's a binary switch with scanning. 00:05:30.350 --> 00:05:31.970 align:center line:84% And so the elements on the screen 00:05:31.970 --> 00:05:35.090 align:center line:84% are scanned one after another at a rate that 00:05:35.090 --> 00:05:37.682 align:center line:84% is suitable for the person who has the switch. 00:05:37.682 --> 00:05:39.890 align:center line:84% And there's a picture of somebody using a head switch 00:05:39.890 --> 00:05:42.480 align:center line:90% on the bottom right there. 00:05:42.480 --> 00:05:44.210 align:center line:84% And so when the thing appears to be 00:05:44.210 --> 00:05:48.390 align:center line:84% scanned that they want to select, they click the switch. 00:05:48.390 --> 00:05:50.360 align:center line:90% And that gets selected. 00:05:50.360 --> 00:05:52.460 align:center line:84% So you can see, for example, typing 00:05:52.460 --> 00:05:56.310 align:center line:84% text would be very laborious because the scanning would, 00:05:56.310 --> 00:05:59.900 align:center line:84% for example, first go over each row of the keyboard. 00:05:59.900 --> 00:06:01.820 align:center line:84% You pick the row, and then it goes down 00:06:01.820 --> 00:06:04.190 align:center line:84% that row to pick the individual key. 00:06:04.190 --> 00:06:07.190 align:center line:84% And so typing it can be very, very slow. 00:06:07.190 --> 00:06:10.580 align:center line:84% But there are people that require switch access. 00:06:10.580 --> 00:06:12.260 align:center line:90% They don't have speech. 00:06:12.260 --> 00:06:13.850 align:center line:84% They don't have the other facilities. 00:06:13.850 --> 00:06:16.020 align:center line:84% That's the only thing they can do. 00:06:16.020 --> 00:06:18.770 align:center line:84% And I'm not saying there are lots of people like this, 00:06:18.770 --> 00:06:21.890 align:center line:84% but there are certainly people who 00:06:21.890 --> 00:06:24.320 align:center line:84% have high intellectual capacity that could do computer 00:06:24.320 --> 00:06:26.780 align:center line:90% science that use switches. 00:06:26.780 --> 00:06:28.520 align:center line:84% And there's also speech input, which is 00:06:28.520 --> 00:06:30.530 align:center line:90% getting more and more popular. 00:06:30.530 --> 00:06:34.220 align:center line:84% And I'll talk a little bit more about speech input 00:06:34.220 --> 00:06:37.467 align:center line:90% for Apple products in a moment. 00:06:37.467 --> 00:06:39.050 align:center line:84% And then, of course, special devices-- 00:06:39.050 --> 00:06:43.580 align:center line:84% you saw the joystick that Raina used. 00:06:43.580 --> 00:06:44.990 align:center line:90% There's mouse keys, head mouse. 00:06:44.990 --> 00:06:47.120 align:center line:90% There's tons of other things-- 00:06:47.120 --> 00:06:50.670 align:center line:90% a mouth mouse, and so on. 00:06:50.670 --> 00:06:52.790 align:center line:84% So these are the kinds of things that 00:06:52.790 --> 00:06:56.840 align:center line:90% allow for access to computers. 00:06:56.840 --> 00:07:00.200 align:center line:84% And then within the computer world-- 00:07:00.200 --> 00:07:03.410 align:center line:84% Mac and iOS, Android and Windows-- 00:07:03.410 --> 00:07:07.820 align:center line:84% there are a tremendous number of accessibility tools 00:07:07.820 --> 00:07:09.230 align:center line:90% that are available. 00:07:09.230 --> 00:07:12.200 align:center line:84% VoiceOver for Mac and OS is screen reader. 00:07:12.200 --> 00:07:15.230 align:center line:84% It's a very good, one high quality, 00:07:15.230 --> 00:07:17.420 align:center line:90% and developed by Apple. 00:07:17.420 --> 00:07:20.760 align:center line:84% They also allow for switch control and voice control. 00:07:20.760 --> 00:07:24.540 align:center line:90% So those are on Apple products. 00:07:24.540 --> 00:07:26.700 align:center line:84% For Android, there's a TalkBack screen reader. 00:07:26.700 --> 00:07:28.315 align:center line:84% And there may be some other tools 00:07:28.315 --> 00:07:30.690 align:center line:84% that I don't know about because I haven't investigated it 00:07:30.690 --> 00:07:32.760 align:center line:90% in the last few months. 00:07:32.760 --> 00:07:36.810 align:center line:84% For Windows, there's a narrator screen reader, a native one. 00:07:36.810 --> 00:07:40.150 align:center line:84% Plus, window supports a lot of third party screen readers, 00:07:40.150 --> 00:07:45.990 align:center line:84% including JAWS, which is the famous one, and NVDA, which 00:07:45.990 --> 00:07:50.370 align:center line:84% is more recent, but NVDA is open source and free. 00:07:50.370 --> 00:07:53.820 align:center line:84% So all of these things are available to these students who 00:07:53.820 --> 00:07:56.670 align:center line:84% are blind or have physical disabilities that 00:07:56.670 --> 00:07:59.160 align:center line:84% have difficulty accessing a computer the way 00:07:59.160 --> 00:08:03.480 align:center line:84% that many of us do using a keyboard and a mouse or touch 00:08:03.480 --> 00:08:06.520 align:center line:90% and things like that. 00:08:06.520 --> 00:08:09.950 align:center line:84% Now, the problem, of course, is that-- 00:08:09.950 --> 00:08:12.450 align:center line:84% or the key observation is that computer applications 00:08:12.450 --> 00:08:15.430 align:center line:84% and websites are not automatically accessible. 00:08:15.430 --> 00:08:18.240 align:center line:84% They have to be designed and programmed to be so. 00:08:18.240 --> 00:08:21.660 align:center line:84% So things like Scratch and Scratch Junior, 00:08:21.660 --> 00:08:23.760 align:center line:84% they're not accessible because they weren't 00:08:23.760 --> 00:08:24.960 align:center line:90% designed to be accessible. 00:08:24.960 --> 00:08:28.980 align:center line:84% Screen readers don't work with them . 00:08:28.980 --> 00:08:31.660 align:center line:84% Switch access doesn't work with them, and so on. 00:08:31.660 --> 00:08:38.520 align:center line:84% So this is true for probably the vast majority of products 00:08:38.520 --> 00:08:40.570 align:center line:90% that are out there for kids. 00:08:40.570 --> 00:08:42.960 align:center line:84% And this has been a great concern of us 00:08:42.960 --> 00:08:44.730 align:center line:90% here at AccessCSforAll. 00:08:44.730 --> 00:08:48.810 align:center line:84% And we have been working on trying to make this better. 00:08:48.810 --> 00:08:53.190 align:center line:84% And we believe that the Scratch Foundation and Code.org 00:08:53.190 --> 00:08:54.670 align:center line:90% are finally on board. 00:08:54.670 --> 00:08:57.960 align:center line:84% And I think they're going to do the same thing, 00:08:57.960 --> 00:09:00.910 align:center line:90% make their products accessible. 00:09:00.910 --> 00:09:03.240 align:center line:84% So I'm going to switch now to Blocks4All. 00:09:03.240 --> 00:09:04.680 align:center line:90% And this will be Lauren. 00:09:04.680 --> 00:09:07.710 align:center line:90% So Lauren, can you take over? 00:09:07.710 --> 00:09:09.633 align:center line:90% And I'll advance the slides. 00:09:09.633 --> 00:09:10.800 align:center line:90% LAURA MILNE: Right, awesome. 00:09:10.800 --> 00:09:11.610 align:center line:90% Thanks. 00:09:11.610 --> 00:09:13.380 align:center line:90% Yeah, so hi, I'm Lauren Milne. 00:09:13.380 --> 00:09:15.900 align:center line:84% I'm assistant professor at Macalester College. 00:09:15.900 --> 00:09:17.850 align:center line:84% And I actually was one of Richard's students. 00:09:17.850 --> 00:09:21.190 align:center line:84% And I started to work on this project, Blocks4All, 00:09:21.190 --> 00:09:23.340 align:center line:84% which is an introductory programming 00:09:23.340 --> 00:09:27.810 align:center line:84% environment designed mainly for younger children. 00:09:27.810 --> 00:09:30.960 align:center line:84% And it's designed to work really well with VoiceOver, 00:09:30.960 --> 00:09:34.140 align:center line:84% so designed for children with visual impairments. 00:09:34.140 --> 00:09:35.950 align:center line:84% Now, we're branching out to switch control. 00:09:35.950 --> 00:09:37.998 align:center line:84% So first of all, I just wanted to introduce 00:09:37.998 --> 00:09:39.540 align:center line:84% block-based programming environments. 00:09:39.540 --> 00:09:41.040 align:center line:84% If you're not familiar with it, this 00:09:41.040 --> 00:09:45.968 align:center line:84% is a Blockly environment, sample environment. 00:09:45.968 --> 00:09:47.760 align:center line:84% And so block-based programming environments 00:09:47.760 --> 00:09:51.750 align:center line:84% are a way that you can introduce people to programming. 00:09:51.750 --> 00:09:55.410 align:center line:84% And they basically are like puzzle piece-like units of code 00:09:55.410 --> 00:09:58.090 align:center line:84% that you can drag and drop from the workspace, 00:09:58.090 --> 00:10:02.115 align:center line:84% which is on the left side of the screen, onto-- 00:10:02.115 --> 00:10:04.740 align:center line:84% or sorry, the toolbox, which is on the left side of the screen, 00:10:04.740 --> 00:10:06.450 align:center line:84% onto the workspace, which is sort 00:10:06.450 --> 00:10:08.020 align:center line:90% of the middle of the screen. 00:10:08.020 --> 00:10:12.510 align:center line:84% And this is a simple loop that prints "Hello, 00:10:12.510 --> 00:10:15.420 align:center line:84% world" to the screen three times. 00:10:15.420 --> 00:10:18.060 align:center line:84% So in the middle is that loop in blocks. 00:10:18.060 --> 00:10:22.560 align:center line:84% And on the right is that same program in JavaScript. 00:10:22.560 --> 00:10:24.000 align:center line:90% And these are great. 00:10:24.000 --> 00:10:28.350 align:center line:84% It's hard to make syntax errors if you're using blocks of code 00:10:28.350 --> 00:10:30.360 align:center line:90% because you don't have typos. 00:10:30.360 --> 00:10:33.600 align:center line:84% You don't have to worry about curly braces, or parentheses, 00:10:33.600 --> 00:10:34.860 align:center line:90% or anything. 00:10:34.860 --> 00:10:38.790 align:center line:84% But they are not super accessible for screen readers 00:10:38.790 --> 00:10:44.010 align:center line:84% in particular, but also other forms of access 00:10:44.010 --> 00:10:45.570 align:center line:90% that Richard talked about. 00:10:45.570 --> 00:10:49.680 align:center line:84% So things that we noticed-- one, the drag and drop gesture 00:10:49.680 --> 00:10:52.680 align:center line:84% is very hard to perform with a screen reader. 00:10:52.680 --> 00:10:57.240 align:center line:84% And then also, initially when these were created, 00:10:57.240 --> 00:10:58.800 align:center line:84% you couldn't even access the blocks. 00:10:58.800 --> 00:11:02.970 align:center line:84% They weren't even read out loud correctly by the screen reader. 00:11:02.970 --> 00:11:06.417 align:center line:84% So Scratch is probably what most people 00:11:06.417 --> 00:11:08.250 align:center line:84% are familiar with for block-based languages. 00:11:08.250 --> 00:11:12.210 align:center line:84% And it's built on top of Blockly, which is Google's-- 00:11:12.210 --> 00:11:14.880 align:center line:84% an open source library from Google. 00:11:14.880 --> 00:11:16.620 align:center line:84% And they are actually actively working 00:11:16.620 --> 00:11:18.400 align:center line:90% on making it more accessible. 00:11:18.400 --> 00:11:20.670 align:center line:84% I think the newest version of Blockly 00:11:20.670 --> 00:11:23.130 align:center line:84% is now keyboard accessible, so you can actually 00:11:23.130 --> 00:11:25.650 align:center line:84% move to the different blocks using the keyboard. 00:11:25.650 --> 00:11:28.710 align:center line:84% And they're working on integrating the screen reader 00:11:28.710 --> 00:11:30.100 align:center line:90% in. 00:11:30.100 --> 00:11:33.600 align:center line:84% But what we did to address this in accessibility 00:11:33.600 --> 00:11:37.830 align:center line:84% is we built our own programming environment designed 00:11:37.830 --> 00:11:39.040 align:center line:90% specifically for kids. 00:11:39.040 --> 00:11:42.750 align:center line:84% So you can go ahead and, yeah, press the next slide. 00:11:42.750 --> 00:11:44.890 align:center line:84% So I'll talk a little bit before the demo-- 00:11:44.890 --> 00:11:46.360 align:center line:90% well, the video. 00:11:46.360 --> 00:11:49.590 align:center line:84% So this is a video showing the app. 00:11:49.590 --> 00:11:52.422 align:center line:84% And we designed it for the iPad, which is nice. 00:11:52.422 --> 00:11:54.630 align:center line:84% It works really well with the built-in screen reader. 00:11:54.630 --> 00:11:56.490 align:center line:84% And it controls-- I don't know if people 00:11:56.490 --> 00:12:00.370 align:center line:84% can see me-- but this very cute and mostly indestructible 00:12:00.370 --> 00:12:00.870 align:center line:90% robot. 00:12:00.870 --> 00:12:03.180 align:center line:84% I had it tested with five-year-olds 00:12:03.180 --> 00:12:04.850 align:center line:90% we tried throwing it around. 00:12:07.380 --> 00:12:09.270 align:center line:84% But yeah, so this video-- and I apologize. 00:12:09.270 --> 00:12:11.910 align:center line:84% The video, the VoiceOver, went to the screen reader. 00:12:11.910 --> 00:12:14.100 align:center line:84% Well, it sort of has this weird echo. 00:12:14.100 --> 00:12:15.527 align:center line:84% But hopefully, it's intelligible. 00:12:15.527 --> 00:12:17.610 align:center line:84% And the words are also at the bottom of the screen 00:12:17.610 --> 00:12:19.320 align:center line:90% to demo Blocks4All. 00:12:28.370 --> 00:12:29.900 align:center line:90% Richard, do you-- 00:12:29.900 --> 00:12:32.025 align:center line:84% I don't know where the sound would be for this. 00:12:35.130 --> 00:12:38.270 align:center line:90% Do you have to unmute yourself ? 00:12:38.270 --> 00:12:39.290 align:center line:90% Or I can just talk. 00:12:39.290 --> 00:12:41.313 align:center line:90% Well, we need the VoiceOver. 00:12:41.313 --> 00:12:42.730 align:center line:84% BRIANNA BLASER: Richard, you might 00:12:42.730 --> 00:12:45.445 align:center line:84% need to reshare your screen and make sure to share the audio. 00:12:54.420 --> 00:12:56.600 align:center line:84% Oh, Richard, you're talking, but you are muted. 00:13:00.232 --> 00:13:01.215 align:center line:90% Apologies. 00:13:11.998 --> 00:13:14.540 align:center line:84% LAURA MILNE: And Richard, I can also just try sharing my iPad 00:13:14.540 --> 00:13:15.290 align:center line:90% and do the demo. 00:13:34.548 --> 00:13:36.840 align:center line:84% RICHARD LADNER: OK, I should be able to start it again. 00:13:36.840 --> 00:13:41.196 align:center line:84% And you should be able to get it now, the sound. 00:13:41.196 --> 00:13:42.650 align:center line:90% [VIDEO PLAYBACK] 00:13:42.650 --> 00:13:44.660 align:center line:84% - Hello, I'm going to do a quick introduction 00:13:44.660 --> 00:13:48.500 align:center line:84% to the Blocks4All programming environment with the screen 00:13:48.500 --> 00:13:50.790 align:center line:90% reader VoiceOver turned on. 00:13:50.790 --> 00:13:54.282 align:center line:84% So this is the opening screen in the Blocks4All environment. 00:13:54.282 --> 00:13:55.740 align:center line:84% There are a number of options here. 00:13:55.740 --> 00:13:57.420 align:center line:84% You can get started with the robot. 00:13:57.420 --> 00:13:59.270 align:center line:84% You can read through some instructions. 00:13:59.270 --> 00:14:00.350 align:center line:90% You can add a robot. 00:14:00.350 --> 00:14:02.010 align:center line:84% And then there's this toggle option. 00:14:02.010 --> 00:14:03.800 align:center line:84% You can either show the icons or show 00:14:03.800 --> 00:14:08.450 align:center line:84% text on the blocks in the Blocks4All environment. 00:14:08.450 --> 00:14:10.935 align:center line:90% And I'll choose Show icons. 00:14:10.935 --> 00:14:12.560 align:center line:84% And what I'm actually going to do first 00:14:12.560 --> 00:14:15.770 align:center line:84% is turn on the screen reader VoiceOver. 00:14:15.770 --> 00:14:18.680 align:center line:84% So when I turn it on, the screen will start talking to me. 00:14:21.310 --> 00:14:25.600 align:center line:84% - VoiceOver on, Blocks4All, Get Started Button, landscape, 00:14:25.600 --> 00:14:27.413 align:center line:90% Home button to the left. 00:14:27.413 --> 00:14:29.830 align:center line:84% - And if you have difficulty hearing what the VoiceOver is 00:14:29.830 --> 00:14:31.870 align:center line:84% saying, it also, on very small text, 00:14:31.870 --> 00:14:34.420 align:center line:84% has what is being said aloud written 00:14:34.420 --> 00:14:37.130 align:center line:90% on the bottom of the screen. 00:14:37.130 --> 00:14:39.770 align:center line:84% So now that we have VoiceOver on, when VoiceOver is on, 00:14:39.770 --> 00:14:42.250 align:center line:84% I can move my finger around on the screen. 00:14:42.250 --> 00:14:45.790 align:center line:84% And it will read aloud what is under my finger. 00:14:45.790 --> 00:14:48.940 align:center line:84% And then if I want to actually select something, 00:14:48.940 --> 00:14:50.580 align:center line:90% I use double tap. 00:14:50.580 --> 00:14:52.330 align:center line:84% So you can either move your finger around. 00:14:52.330 --> 00:14:54.622 align:center line:84% And I'll do that right now, just go through the options 00:14:54.622 --> 00:14:56.620 align:center line:84% and you'll hear them being read aloud. 00:14:56.620 --> 00:15:00.710 align:center line:84% - Instructions button, Add Robots, Show Icons, Show Text, 00:15:00.710 --> 00:15:02.410 align:center line:90% unselected button. 00:15:02.410 --> 00:15:03.630 align:center line:90% Double tap to select. 00:15:03.630 --> 00:15:06.130 align:center line:84% - And you can see it gives you a little bit more information 00:15:06.130 --> 00:15:07.630 align:center line:84% about how to actually select things. 00:15:07.630 --> 00:15:10.270 align:center line:84% So I'm going to go back up and select Get Started. 00:15:10.270 --> 00:15:11.980 align:center line:90% - Get Started button. 00:15:11.980 --> 00:15:16.120 align:center line:84% - And then I'll double tap to actually select it. 00:15:16.120 --> 00:15:18.490 align:center line:90% - Toolbox menu, heading. 00:15:18.490 --> 00:15:23.500 align:center line:84% - And that takes me to the main screen in Blocks4All. 00:15:23.500 --> 00:15:25.190 align:center line:84% And on the screen, on the left side, 00:15:25.190 --> 00:15:26.950 align:center line:84% you can see there's the toolbox, which 00:15:26.950 --> 00:15:30.220 align:center line:84% has a bunch of different categories with blocks in it. 00:15:30.220 --> 00:15:32.020 align:center line:84% So I can select blocks from the toolbox. 00:15:32.020 --> 00:15:33.853 align:center line:84% And I'll move them into the workspace, 00:15:33.853 --> 00:15:36.020 align:center line:84% which is the white area in the middle of the screen. 00:15:36.020 --> 00:15:39.710 align:center line:84% And the blocks will be moved to the bottom of the screen. 00:15:39.710 --> 00:15:42.250 align:center line:84% So I'm going to go ahead and collect-- 00:15:42.250 --> 00:15:44.315 align:center line:84% select something from the toolbox. 00:15:44.315 --> 00:15:45.940 align:center line:84% So I'm actually going to swipe through. 00:15:45.940 --> 00:15:47.470 align:center line:84% So instead, of touching-- you can't see where 00:15:47.470 --> 00:15:48.680 align:center line:90% my finger is on the screen. 00:15:48.680 --> 00:15:50.650 align:center line:84% But instead of just touching, a lot of times, 00:15:50.650 --> 00:15:52.023 align:center line:90% people just use swipes. 00:15:52.023 --> 00:15:53.440 align:center line:84% And it'll swipe through everything 00:15:53.440 --> 00:15:56.433 align:center line:90% on this screen in order. 00:15:56.433 --> 00:15:58.600 align:center line:84% And that way, even if you don't know where something 00:15:58.600 --> 00:16:00.910 align:center line:84% is on the screen, if you're using a screen reader 00:16:00.910 --> 00:16:03.700 align:center line:84% and you're blind, you can still hear what all the options are. 00:16:03.700 --> 00:16:05.440 align:center line:90% So I'll swipe through right now. 00:16:05.440 --> 00:16:10.060 align:center line:84% And I'll go down to the Drive category in the toolbox. 00:16:10.060 --> 00:16:11.630 align:center line:90% - Sounds category. 00:16:11.630 --> 00:16:14.290 align:center line:84% Double tap to explore blocks in this category. 00:16:14.290 --> 00:16:16.390 align:center line:84% - And so once again, it has a hint 00:16:16.390 --> 00:16:19.490 align:center line:84% about how to get into those different categories. 00:16:19.490 --> 00:16:21.295 align:center line:90% - Control category. 00:16:21.295 --> 00:16:23.170 align:center line:84% Double tap to explore blocks in the category. 00:16:23.170 --> 00:16:24.700 align:center line:90% Drive category. 00:16:24.700 --> 00:16:26.920 align:center line:84% Double tap to explore blocks in this category. 00:16:26.920 --> 00:16:29.410 align:center line:84% - And I'm going to go ahead and double tap on Drive. 00:16:29.410 --> 00:16:31.690 align:center line:90% - Drive forward, in toolbox. 00:16:31.690 --> 00:16:33.940 align:center line:84% Double tap to place block in workspace. 00:16:33.940 --> 00:16:39.520 align:center line:84% - So that takes me into the drive toolbox, the Drive 00:16:39.520 --> 00:16:40.540 align:center line:90% category on the toolbox. 00:16:40.540 --> 00:16:43.450 align:center line:84% And you can see there's a number of different drive options 00:16:43.450 --> 00:16:45.893 align:center line:90% here. 00:16:45.893 --> 00:16:47.560 align:center line:84% We give a little bit of extra contextual 00:16:47.560 --> 00:16:48.893 align:center line:90% information about where you are. 00:16:48.893 --> 00:16:51.097 align:center line:84% So it says drive forward in the toolbox, 00:16:51.097 --> 00:16:52.930 align:center line:84% so you know you have selected a block that's 00:16:52.930 --> 00:16:53.805 align:center line:90% still in the toolbox. 00:16:53.805 --> 00:16:55.228 align:center line:90% It's not in your workspace. 00:16:55.228 --> 00:16:56.270 align:center line:90% And I'm going to go down. 00:16:56.270 --> 00:16:59.650 align:center line:84% And I'm going to actually select the Drive Backwards block. 00:16:59.650 --> 00:17:01.930 align:center line:90% - Drive backward in toolbox. 00:17:01.930 --> 00:17:03.759 align:center line:84% Double tap to place block in workspace. 00:17:03.759 --> 00:17:05.770 align:center line:84% - So I'll go ahead and double tap. 00:17:05.770 --> 00:17:06.970 align:center line:90% - Drive backward selected. 00:17:06.970 --> 00:17:09.940 align:center line:84% Select location in workspace to place it. 00:17:09.940 --> 00:17:12.260 align:center line:84% - And it's now selected on the screen. 00:17:12.260 --> 00:17:13.750 align:center line:84% So this was one of the first things 00:17:13.750 --> 00:17:16.630 align:center line:84% that we changed, compared to normal block space 00:17:16.630 --> 00:17:17.349 align:center line:90% environments. 00:17:17.349 --> 00:17:19.690 align:center line:84% In those environments, you typically drag and drop. 00:17:19.690 --> 00:17:22.990 align:center line:84% That's challenging to perform with a screen reader on. 00:17:22.990 --> 00:17:24.280 align:center line:90% There is a way-- 00:17:24.280 --> 00:17:28.450 align:center line:84% Apple has provided a way that you can make the drag and drop 00:17:28.450 --> 00:17:30.610 align:center line:84% gesture accessible with a screen reader, 00:17:30.610 --> 00:17:34.420 align:center line:84% but it involves going deep into a secret menu setting 00:17:34.420 --> 00:17:36.050 align:center line:90% and it's challenging. 00:17:36.050 --> 00:17:38.410 align:center line:84% So we ended up switching drag and drop to select. 00:17:38.410 --> 00:17:40.000 align:center line:84% You select the block, and then you 00:17:40.000 --> 00:17:41.470 align:center line:84% select where to put it in the workspace. 00:17:41.470 --> 00:17:42.595 align:center line:90% So I've selected the block. 00:17:42.595 --> 00:17:44.950 align:center line:84% I'm now going to find where to put it in the workspace. 00:17:44.950 --> 00:17:47.140 align:center line:84% So once again, I'll swipe through my options. 00:17:47.140 --> 00:17:48.430 align:center line:90% - Main workspace. 00:17:48.430 --> 00:17:50.140 align:center line:84% Place Drive Backward at beginning. 00:17:50.140 --> 00:17:51.975 align:center line:84% - And now, the main workspace is selected. 00:17:51.975 --> 00:17:53.350 align:center line:84% There's nothing in the workspace, 00:17:53.350 --> 00:17:55.308 align:center line:84% so my only option is to place at the beginning. 00:17:55.308 --> 00:17:58.210 align:center line:84% So I'll double tap to place it there. 00:17:58.210 --> 00:18:00.740 align:center line:90% - Toolbox menu, Back button. 00:18:00.740 --> 00:18:03.130 align:center line:84% - So now, my Drive Backwards block 00:18:03.130 --> 00:18:06.670 align:center line:84% has been placed in the main workspace. 00:18:06.670 --> 00:18:09.250 align:center line:84% And you can see there's a block above the Drive Backwards 00:18:09.250 --> 00:18:09.750 align:center line:90% block. 00:18:09.750 --> 00:18:12.070 align:center line:90% It says 30 centimeters, normal. 00:18:12.070 --> 00:18:13.370 align:center line:90% And that's the modifier block. 00:18:13.370 --> 00:18:15.340 align:center line:84% So a lot of these blocks have modifiers. 00:18:15.340 --> 00:18:17.120 align:center line:90% You can change settings on that. 00:18:17.120 --> 00:18:20.230 align:center line:84% So I'm going to go ahead and actually select that modifier 00:18:20.230 --> 00:18:21.820 align:center line:90% block. 00:18:21.820 --> 00:18:23.330 align:center line:90% And I'll change things. 00:18:23.330 --> 00:18:25.670 align:center line:84% So instead of going 30 centimeters, 00:18:25.670 --> 00:18:28.690 align:center line:90% maybe I'll go 50 centimeters. 00:18:28.690 --> 00:18:31.300 align:center line:90% - 30 centimeters, normal button. 00:18:31.300 --> 00:18:32.890 align:center line:84% Double tap to set distance and speed. 00:18:32.890 --> 00:18:36.070 align:center line:84% - I'm going to go ahead and double tap. 00:18:36.070 --> 00:18:37.690 align:center line:90% - Back button. 00:18:37.690 --> 00:18:40.460 align:center line:84% - It takes me into this modifier screen. 00:18:40.460 --> 00:18:43.990 align:center line:84% And here, I can go ahead and change the distance and speed. 00:18:43.990 --> 00:18:45.400 align:center line:90% - Distance, select the distance. 00:18:45.400 --> 00:18:46.993 align:center line:84% Current distance is 30 centimeters. 00:18:46.993 --> 00:18:48.160 align:center line:90% Distance slider, adjustable. 00:18:48.160 --> 00:18:50.470 align:center line:90% 30 centimeters, adjustable. 00:18:50.470 --> 00:18:52.960 align:center line:84% 10 centimeters to 100 meters in increments of 10. 00:18:52.960 --> 00:18:55.950 align:center line:84% Swipe up or down with one finger to adjust the value. 00:18:55.950 --> 00:18:57.700 align:center line:84% - So you can do sliders with VoiceOver on. 00:18:57.700 --> 00:18:58.940 align:center line:90% You can swipe up or down. 00:18:58.940 --> 00:18:59.950 align:center line:90% So I'll swipe up. 00:18:59.950 --> 00:19:03.030 align:center line:84% - 40 centimeters, 50 centimeters. 00:19:03.030 --> 00:19:05.210 align:center line:90% - We'll go 50 centimeters. 00:19:05.210 --> 00:19:06.190 align:center line:90% Then I'll keep-- 00:19:06.190 --> 00:19:08.980 align:center line:90% - Speed, slower, normal, faster. 00:19:08.980 --> 00:19:13.210 align:center line:84% Button add, faster, current speed, speed, fast, add. 00:19:13.210 --> 00:19:16.170 align:center line:84% - And I'll go ahead and go 50 centimeters fast. 00:19:16.170 --> 00:19:18.580 align:center line:84% Then I'll go back up to the Back button. 00:19:18.580 --> 00:19:20.340 align:center line:90% - Back button. 00:19:20.340 --> 00:19:21.690 align:center line:90% Back. 00:19:21.690 --> 00:19:24.450 align:center line:90% Toolbox menu, heading. 00:19:24.450 --> 00:19:26.160 align:center line:84% - And you can see the Drive Backwards 00:19:26.160 --> 00:19:28.157 align:center line:90% is now 50 centimeters and fast. 00:19:28.157 --> 00:19:30.240 align:center line:84% So that's how you add blocks to the workspace, how 00:19:30.240 --> 00:19:32.010 align:center line:90% you can modify them. 00:19:32.010 --> 00:19:35.100 align:center line:84% I'll go ahead and I'll add another block. 00:19:35.100 --> 00:19:37.020 align:center line:84% Maybe I'll add a Sounds block here. 00:19:37.020 --> 00:19:38.580 align:center line:90% - Sounds category. 00:19:38.580 --> 00:19:41.460 align:center line:84% Double tap to explore blocks in this category. 00:19:41.460 --> 00:19:43.770 align:center line:90% Animal noise in toolbox. 00:19:43.770 --> 00:19:45.680 align:center line:84% Double tap to place block in workspace. 00:19:45.680 --> 00:19:47.970 align:center line:84% - And I'll go ahead and add an animal noise here. 00:19:47.970 --> 00:19:49.140 align:center line:90% - Animal noise selected. 00:19:49.140 --> 00:19:51.552 align:center line:84% Select the location in the workspace to place it. 00:19:51.552 --> 00:19:53.260 align:center line:84% - And now, there's a couple more options. 00:19:53.260 --> 00:19:56.520 align:center line:84% I can either place it before or after the Drive Forward block. 00:19:56.520 --> 00:19:58.488 align:center line:84% - Main workspace, Place animal noise 00:19:58.488 --> 00:20:00.780 align:center line:84% at the beginning before Driving Backward 50 centimeters 00:20:00.780 --> 00:20:01.620 align:center line:90% at fast speed. 00:20:01.620 --> 00:20:03.450 align:center line:90% Workspace 1 of 1. 00:20:03.450 --> 00:20:05.395 align:center line:84% Double tap to put the animal noise here. 00:20:05.395 --> 00:20:06.770 align:center line:84% - I'll go ahead and add it there. 00:20:06.770 --> 00:20:08.910 align:center line:84% You can see there's a lot of information about what you're 00:20:08.910 --> 00:20:10.380 align:center line:90% actually doing it for do that. 00:20:10.380 --> 00:20:11.340 align:center line:90% - Animal noise placed. 00:20:11.340 --> 00:20:13.530 align:center line:90% Animal noise in toolbox. 00:20:13.530 --> 00:20:16.380 align:center line:84% Double tap to place block in workspace. 00:20:16.380 --> 00:20:18.570 align:center line:84% - Sometimes, the screen reader gets interrupted 00:20:18.570 --> 00:20:21.062 align:center line:84% what it's currently reading when it moves back 00:20:21.062 --> 00:20:22.020 align:center line:90% and the screen changes. 00:20:22.020 --> 00:20:24.180 align:center line:84% But I can go down to my workspace at any time. 00:20:24.180 --> 00:20:25.560 align:center line:84% It's on the bottom of the screen. 00:20:25.560 --> 00:20:26.880 align:center line:84% It's another modification we made. 00:20:26.880 --> 00:20:29.200 align:center line:84% We moved all of the blocks to the bottom of the screen, 00:20:29.200 --> 00:20:32.010 align:center line:84% so they're easy to locate when they're in their workspace. 00:20:32.010 --> 00:20:35.310 align:center line:84% Even if you have someone who is blind using it, 00:20:35.310 --> 00:20:38.350 align:center line:84% you can find the blocks on the bottom of the screen. 00:20:38.350 --> 00:20:39.017 align:center line:90% So I'll do that. 00:20:39.017 --> 00:20:40.642 align:center line:84% I'll start on the bottom of the screen. 00:20:40.642 --> 00:20:42.810 align:center line:84% - Animal noise, cat noise, workspace block 1 of 2. 00:20:42.810 --> 00:20:44.170 align:center line:90% Double tap to move block. 00:20:44.170 --> 00:20:45.390 align:center line:90% - Block 1 of 2. 00:20:45.390 --> 00:20:47.460 align:center line:84% - Drive backward 50 centimeters, fast speed, 00:20:47.460 --> 00:20:49.320 align:center line:90% workspace block 2 of 2. 00:20:49.320 --> 00:20:51.070 align:center line:90% Double tap to move block. 00:20:51.070 --> 00:20:51.570 align:center line:90% - All right. 00:20:51.570 --> 00:20:54.115 align:center line:84% So now, I've got these two blocks in my workspace. 00:20:54.115 --> 00:20:54.990 align:center line:90% I'm going to go back. 00:20:54.990 --> 00:20:57.600 align:center line:84% And I'm actually going to put a slightly more complicated block 00:20:57.600 --> 00:20:57.720 align:center line:90% in. 00:20:57.720 --> 00:21:00.120 align:center line:84% I'm going to put a repeat block in, so I can do this-- 00:21:00.120 --> 00:21:03.790 align:center line:84% make this animal noise and drive backwards multiple times. 00:21:03.790 --> 00:21:07.260 align:center line:84% So I'll go back to my toolbox menu. 00:21:07.260 --> 00:21:09.180 align:center line:84% - Animal noise, toolbox menu, back button. 00:21:09.180 --> 00:21:10.470 align:center line:90% - To the back button. 00:21:10.470 --> 00:21:13.320 align:center line:90% - Toolbox menu, sounds category. 00:21:13.320 --> 00:21:15.840 align:center line:84% Double tap to explore this category. 00:21:15.840 --> 00:21:18.870 align:center line:84% - I'm going to go ahead to go to the Control category. 00:21:18.870 --> 00:21:20.010 align:center line:90% - Double tap to-- 00:21:20.010 --> 00:21:21.900 align:center line:90% repeat in toolbox. 00:21:21.900 --> 00:21:23.772 align:center line:84% Double tap to place block in workspace. 00:21:23.772 --> 00:21:25.980 align:center line:84% - We can do a couple of different fun control blocks. 00:21:25.980 --> 00:21:27.030 align:center line:90% You can repeat. 00:21:27.030 --> 00:21:28.783 align:center line:90% The next one is repeat forever. 00:21:28.783 --> 00:21:31.200 align:center line:84% We have if statements, so there are certain conditions you 00:21:31.200 --> 00:21:34.677 align:center line:84% can wait for and only can do the code inside 00:21:34.677 --> 00:21:35.760 align:center line:90% based on those conditions. 00:21:35.760 --> 00:21:38.218 align:center line:84% [INAUDIBLE] So I'm going to go ahead and select this repeat 00:21:38.218 --> 00:21:39.570 align:center line:90% block. 00:21:39.570 --> 00:21:40.472 align:center line:90% - Repeat selected. 00:21:40.472 --> 00:21:42.180 align:center line:84% Select location in workspace to place it. 00:21:42.180 --> 00:21:43.843 align:center line:84% - And I'll just place it at the end. 00:21:43.843 --> 00:21:44.760 align:center line:90% - Place repeat at end. 00:21:44.760 --> 00:21:47.010 align:center line:90% - Back to the workspace. 00:21:47.010 --> 00:21:50.370 align:center line:90% - Toolbox menu, back button. 00:21:50.370 --> 00:21:52.890 align:center line:84% - So the repeat block actually has two blocks. 00:21:52.890 --> 00:21:55.520 align:center line:84% You can see there's the repeat and there's also an end repeat. 00:21:55.520 --> 00:21:57.270 align:center line:84% And if you read through in the workspace-- 00:21:57.270 --> 00:21:58.290 align:center line:90% - Repeat 2 times. 00:21:58.290 --> 00:22:00.420 align:center line:90% Workspace block 3 or 4. 00:22:00.420 --> 00:22:02.103 align:center line:84% End repeat, workspace block 4 of 4. 00:22:02.103 --> 00:22:03.270 align:center line:90% - It shows up as two blocks. 00:22:03.270 --> 00:22:04.270 align:center line:90% - Double tap to move block. 00:22:04.270 --> 00:22:05.895 align:center line:84% - And if you want something to actually 00:22:05.895 --> 00:22:08.850 align:center line:84% be repeated multiple times, you can move it inside of the loop. 00:22:08.850 --> 00:22:10.730 align:center line:84% So I'll show you now how to move a block. 00:22:10.730 --> 00:22:13.230 align:center line:84% So I'm going to go ahead and select this animal noise block. 00:22:13.230 --> 00:22:16.200 align:center line:84% - Animal noise block, workspace block 1 to 4. 00:22:16.200 --> 00:22:17.610 align:center line:90% Double tap to move block. 00:22:17.610 --> 00:22:20.070 align:center line:90% - I'll move it. 00:22:20.070 --> 00:22:21.240 align:center line:90% - Animal noise selected. 00:22:21.240 --> 00:22:23.450 align:center line:84% Select location on workspace to place it. 00:22:23.450 --> 00:22:27.630 align:center line:84% - In the workspace, I'll put it before the end repeat block, 00:22:27.630 --> 00:22:29.490 align:center line:84% so it's inside of the repeat loop. 00:22:29.490 --> 00:22:33.000 align:center line:84% - Place animal noise before end repeat, workspace block 3 of 3. 00:22:33.000 --> 00:22:36.450 align:center line:84% Double tap to move animal noise block here. 00:22:36.450 --> 00:22:38.520 align:center line:90% Repeat, in toolbox. 00:22:38.520 --> 00:22:40.545 align:center line:84% Double tap to place block in workspace. 00:22:40.545 --> 00:22:43.170 align:center line:84% - And I'm going to go ahead and move the drive backwards block. 00:22:43.170 --> 00:22:45.210 align:center line:84% - Drive backward 50 centimeters, fast speed, 00:22:45.210 --> 00:22:47.010 align:center line:90% workspace block 1 of 4. 00:22:47.010 --> 00:22:50.040 align:center line:90% Double tap to move block. 00:22:50.040 --> 00:22:51.720 align:center line:90% Place drive backward in repeat. 00:22:51.720 --> 00:22:54.450 align:center line:84% Workspace block-- drive backwards, repeat. 00:22:54.450 --> 00:22:58.220 align:center line:84% In toolbox, double tap to place block in workspace. 00:22:58.220 --> 00:23:01.130 align:center line:84% - So that's a basic introduction to Blocks4All-- 00:23:01.130 --> 00:23:03.918 align:center line:90% [END PLAYBACK] 00:23:03.918 --> 00:23:05.710 align:center line:84% BRIANNA BLASER: You got cut off at the end, 00:23:05.710 --> 00:23:07.710 align:center line:84% but that is the introduction to Blocks4All. 00:23:07.710 --> 00:23:08.310 align:center line:90% Any question? 00:23:08.310 --> 00:23:08.420 align:center line:90% [VIDEO PLAYBACK] 00:23:08.420 --> 00:23:10.128 align:center line:84% - I'm going to do a quick introduction 00:23:10.128 --> 00:23:10.920 align:center line:90% to the Blocks4All-- 00:23:10.920 --> 00:23:12.810 align:center line:90% [END PLAYBACK] 00:23:12.810 --> 00:23:16.500 align:center line:84% LAURA MILNE: It's still going, repeating forever. 00:23:16.500 --> 00:23:19.620 align:center line:84% And also, possibly an introduction to VoiceOver, 00:23:19.620 --> 00:23:21.570 align:center line:90% if you're less familiar with it. 00:23:21.570 --> 00:23:24.270 align:center line:84% But yeah, so we basically built Blocks4All, designed 00:23:24.270 --> 00:23:26.280 align:center line:84% it to work really well with VoiceOver, 00:23:26.280 --> 00:23:31.320 align:center line:84% worked with some kids with visual impairments and TVI 00:23:31.320 --> 00:23:33.540 align:center line:90% to design it. 00:23:33.540 --> 00:23:36.960 align:center line:84% Now, we created an hour of code activity 00:23:36.960 --> 00:23:39.828 align:center line:84% last year, which really bumped up the number of downloads 00:23:39.828 --> 00:23:40.620 align:center line:90% from the App Store. 00:23:40.620 --> 00:23:41.953 align:center line:90% It's available on the App Store. 00:23:41.953 --> 00:23:45.030 align:center line:84% And I put in a QR code at the end, 00:23:45.030 --> 00:23:46.380 align:center line:90% if anyone wants to check it out. 00:23:46.380 --> 00:23:48.330 align:center line:84% It's freely available from the App Store, 00:23:48.330 --> 00:23:49.560 align:center line:90% but the robot is expensive. 00:23:49.560 --> 00:23:52.050 align:center line:84% But you can try it with all the robot. 00:23:52.050 --> 00:23:57.210 align:center line:84% And we have 4,500 or so downloads from the App Store. 00:23:57.210 --> 00:23:59.670 align:center line:84% The analytics was a little challenging to read for me 00:23:59.670 --> 00:24:00.990 align:center line:90% last night. 00:24:00.990 --> 00:24:06.030 align:center line:84% I've also been in contact with especially TVIs in Minnesota, 00:24:06.030 --> 00:24:10.440 align:center line:84% Oklahoma, Maryland, and Iowa who've used it successfully. 00:24:13.180 --> 00:24:16.560 align:center line:84% Richard, you can go to the next slide. 00:24:16.560 --> 00:24:20.230 align:center line:84% And currently, we're working on a project-- 00:24:20.230 --> 00:24:22.440 align:center line:84% well, so we added in functions and variables, 00:24:22.440 --> 00:24:25.350 align:center line:90% so you can now add functions. 00:24:25.350 --> 00:24:27.150 align:center line:84% And there are some very basic variables 00:24:27.150 --> 00:24:30.660 align:center line:90% that you can set in Blocks4All. 00:24:30.660 --> 00:24:33.960 align:center line:84% And then we're also working on really improving switch control 00:24:33.960 --> 00:24:34.810 align:center line:90% accessibility. 00:24:34.810 --> 00:24:38.790 align:center line:84% So we're hoping to do a user study with people 00:24:38.790 --> 00:24:44.610 align:center line:84% who use switch control to just make sure Blocks4All really 00:24:44.610 --> 00:24:45.520 align:center line:90% works well for them. 00:24:45.520 --> 00:24:48.480 align:center line:84% Luckily, a lot of designing well for switch control 00:24:48.480 --> 00:24:52.320 align:center line:84% comes as a bonus if you design well for VoiceOver, 00:24:52.320 --> 00:24:54.330 align:center line:90% for the screen reader. 00:24:54.330 --> 00:24:57.840 align:center line:84% And yeah, you can move us to the next screen, Richard. 00:25:00.480 --> 00:25:06.210 align:center line:84% As I said, we did create an hour of code activity last year. 00:25:06.210 --> 00:25:07.725 align:center line:90% And there's two levels. 00:25:07.725 --> 00:25:09.600 align:center line:84% There's the K through 5 and a little bit more 00:25:09.600 --> 00:25:13.980 align:center line:84% advanced one with a function for up to grade 8. 00:25:13.980 --> 00:25:16.980 align:center line:84% And these are on our code website. 00:25:16.980 --> 00:25:18.660 align:center line:84% And then I also, at the very end, 00:25:18.660 --> 00:25:21.933 align:center line:84% included a QR code with the link, 00:25:21.933 --> 00:25:23.100 align:center line:90% if you want to check it out. 00:25:23.100 --> 00:25:24.350 align:center line:90% Oh, I think I put the website. 00:25:24.350 --> 00:25:28.950 align:center line:84% It's kind of just floating in the middle of that, 00:25:28.950 --> 00:25:29.460 align:center line:90% where it is. 00:25:29.460 --> 00:25:34.740 align:center line:84% But I doubt anyone's going to able to copy down the URL here. 00:25:34.740 --> 00:25:38.430 align:center line:84% Yeah, so I think the next screen has the QR codes on it, 00:25:38.430 --> 00:25:41.605 align:center line:90% if people want to look. 00:25:41.605 --> 00:25:43.230 align:center line:84% Yeah, so as I said, the Blocks4All app, 00:25:43.230 --> 00:25:45.510 align:center line:90% so it's an iOS app. 00:25:45.510 --> 00:25:47.070 align:center line:84% And then the hour of code activity 00:25:47.070 --> 00:25:49.125 align:center line:90% just takes you to our website. 00:25:52.880 --> 00:25:56.320 align:center line:84% RICHARD LADNER: We'll leave that up for a second, Lauren. 00:25:56.320 --> 00:25:59.000 align:center line:90% I think other-- 00:25:59.000 --> 00:26:00.970 align:center line:84% Brianna, should we ask a few questions now 00:26:00.970 --> 00:26:03.477 align:center line:90% while she just finished? 00:26:03.477 --> 00:26:05.560 align:center line:84% BRIANNA BLASER: Yeah, I think that's a great idea. 00:26:05.560 --> 00:26:09.380 align:center line:84% Folks can ask questions in the chat or raise your hand. 00:26:09.380 --> 00:26:11.410 align:center line:84% Sorry, Richard, to cut you off there. 00:26:11.410 --> 00:26:15.145 align:center line:84% RICHARD LADNER: I'm going to ask a question. 00:26:15.145 --> 00:26:19.330 align:center line:84% Yeah, so Lauren, why did you pick the iPad in particular? 00:26:19.330 --> 00:26:22.720 align:center line:90% What was it about that that-- 00:26:22.720 --> 00:26:25.940 align:center line:84% LAURA MILNE: Oh yeah, that's a really good question. 00:26:25.940 --> 00:26:27.790 align:center line:84% And so I will say that when I talked 00:26:27.790 --> 00:26:29.800 align:center line:84% about Blockly at the beginning, that's 00:26:29.800 --> 00:26:32.030 align:center line:90% Google's open source library. 00:26:32.030 --> 00:26:33.490 align:center line:90% And that is web-based. 00:26:33.490 --> 00:26:36.895 align:center line:84% So I haven't experienced trying to work on that 00:26:36.895 --> 00:26:39.110 align:center line:90% to make that more accessible. 00:26:39.110 --> 00:26:42.700 align:center line:84% The nice thing about the iPad is that, number one, VoiceOver, 00:26:42.700 --> 00:26:46.720 align:center line:84% the built-in screen reader for the iPad is really good. 00:26:46.720 --> 00:26:51.940 align:center line:84% So native iOS apps just have a lot more support for VoiceOver. 00:26:51.940 --> 00:26:54.740 align:center line:84% And they're a lot more accessible out of the box, 00:26:54.740 --> 00:26:55.240 align:center line:90% basically. 00:26:55.240 --> 00:26:59.020 align:center line:84% And so you just have a lot more-- 00:26:59.020 --> 00:27:01.150 align:center line:84% it's easier to make them accessible 00:27:01.150 --> 00:27:06.050 align:center line:90% than web-based stuff. 00:27:06.050 --> 00:27:08.860 align:center line:84% So the one issue with web-based in general 00:27:08.860 --> 00:27:11.950 align:center line:84% is that you have the interaction between-- as Richard said, 00:27:11.950 --> 00:27:14.705 align:center line:84% there are a number of different screen readers. 00:27:14.705 --> 00:27:16.330 align:center line:84% There's a number of different browsers. 00:27:19.240 --> 00:27:21.490 align:center line:84% So even meeting like the best practices 00:27:21.490 --> 00:27:24.850 align:center line:84% for making things accessible, the browser screen reader 00:27:24.850 --> 00:27:31.477 align:center line:84% combination means that it may still not be accessible. 00:27:31.477 --> 00:27:33.810 align:center line:84% RICHARD LADNER: And I think there's one other thing too. 00:27:33.810 --> 00:27:38.640 align:center line:84% The iPad is kind of a standard for blind children 00:27:38.640 --> 00:27:39.720 align:center line:90% in the United States. 00:27:39.720 --> 00:27:42.240 align:center line:84% And so they're already familiar with it. 00:27:42.240 --> 00:27:45.000 align:center line:84% And they already know how to use VoiceOver. 00:27:45.000 --> 00:27:49.630 align:center line:84% And so getting into programming is fairly seamless 00:27:49.630 --> 00:27:50.743 align:center line:90% using Blocks4All. 00:27:50.743 --> 00:27:52.410 align:center line:84% LAURA MILNE: Yeah, so I'll say, yeah, we 00:27:52.410 --> 00:27:53.460 align:center line:84% did another project, where we talked 00:27:53.460 --> 00:27:56.040 align:center line:84% with TVIs at the Washington State School for the Blind. 00:27:56.040 --> 00:28:00.630 align:center line:84% And I mean, I think a lot of kids, especially pre-K kids, 00:28:00.630 --> 00:28:04.020 align:center line:84% they're learning touch screens really early, 00:28:04.020 --> 00:28:08.445 align:center line:84% especially since Apple devices come with a screen reader. 00:28:08.445 --> 00:28:10.320 align:center line:84% They'll start borrowing their parent's phone. 00:28:10.320 --> 00:28:11.737 align:center line:84% Or they'll start getting a tablet. 00:28:11.737 --> 00:28:17.038 align:center line:84% And a lot of schools now provide tablets for elementary school 00:28:17.038 --> 00:28:17.580 align:center line:90% age students. 00:28:19.408 --> 00:28:21.450 align:center line:84% RICHARD LADNER: Are there any questions, Brianna, 00:28:21.450 --> 00:28:22.470 align:center line:90% from the chat? 00:28:22.470 --> 00:28:27.580 align:center line:90% Or anybody can unmute and ask. 00:28:27.580 --> 00:28:30.220 align:center line:84% BRIANNA BLASER: Yeah, I don't see any questions at this time, 00:28:30.220 --> 00:28:33.475 align:center line:84% but folks can continue to put them in the chat as we go on. 00:28:33.475 --> 00:28:35.350 align:center line:84% RICHARD LADNER: Yeah, why don't we switch now 00:28:35.350 --> 00:28:41.000 align:center line:90% to Quorum and Andreas Stefik. 00:28:41.000 --> 00:28:44.153 align:center line:84% Oh, do you want to say something on this slide, Stefik? 00:28:44.153 --> 00:28:45.320 align:center line:90% ANDREAS STEFIK: No, it's OK. 00:28:45.320 --> 00:28:46.820 align:center line:90% We can go to the next one. 00:28:46.820 --> 00:28:48.170 align:center line:90% RICHARD LADNER: OK. 00:28:48.170 --> 00:28:49.700 align:center line:84% ANDREAS STEFIK: So hi, Andy Stefik. 00:28:49.700 --> 00:28:53.060 align:center line:84% I'm a professor of computer science in Vegas. 00:28:53.060 --> 00:28:55.070 align:center line:84% Before I say anything at all, just 00:28:55.070 --> 00:29:00.230 align:center line:84% thank you to Lauren for doing your part of this. 00:29:00.230 --> 00:29:02.490 align:center line:84% I find your work actually quite inspiring 00:29:02.490 --> 00:29:06.223 align:center line:84% because I think that very young children don't always 00:29:06.223 --> 00:29:08.640 align:center line:84% get a lot of attention in the eye space, including for me, 00:29:08.640 --> 00:29:10.850 align:center line:84% even though I care about the eye quite a lot. 00:29:10.850 --> 00:29:13.380 align:center line:90% So your designs are fascinating. 00:29:13.380 --> 00:29:17.570 align:center line:84% So I just really appreciate you going over them. 00:29:17.570 --> 00:29:20.820 align:center line:84% So I'm going to talk a little bit about Quorum today. 00:29:20.820 --> 00:29:23.580 align:center line:84% If you've never heard of it, it's programming language. 00:29:23.580 --> 00:29:27.110 align:center line:84% It's a language that we've been working on 00:29:27.110 --> 00:29:29.720 align:center line:90% for I'm not sure how long now. 00:29:29.720 --> 00:29:30.890 align:center line:90% I think I'm getting older. 00:29:30.890 --> 00:29:34.100 align:center line:84% Maybe 10 to 15 years, I'm not sure exactly. 00:29:34.100 --> 00:29:37.850 align:center line:84% Anyway, but it is a programming language 00:29:37.850 --> 00:29:39.350 align:center line:90% that has a lot of properties. 00:29:39.350 --> 00:29:43.340 align:center line:84% So it's online and offline, it has wide variety 00:29:43.340 --> 00:29:46.340 align:center line:84% of libraries and tools available for all sorts of stuff 00:29:46.340 --> 00:29:47.960 align:center line:90% nowadays-- 00:29:47.960 --> 00:29:50.960 align:center line:84% data science, robotics, you name it. 00:29:50.960 --> 00:29:53.990 align:center line:84% We rather obsessively look at evidence, 00:29:53.990 --> 00:29:55.700 align:center line:90% but evidence doesn't mean magic. 00:29:55.700 --> 00:29:57.980 align:center line:84% It doesn't mean all possible things are easy to use. 00:29:57.980 --> 00:30:00.950 align:center line:84% It just means that we slowly use data to try to make it better 00:30:00.950 --> 00:30:03.240 align:center line:90% over time. 00:30:03.240 --> 00:30:05.063 align:center line:84% We have support for mobile devices, tons 00:30:05.063 --> 00:30:06.230 align:center line:90% of documentation, et cetera. 00:30:06.230 --> 00:30:07.790 align:center line:84% But what I want to mention the most 00:30:07.790 --> 00:30:11.930 align:center line:84% is if you look on the right on this slide, what you'll notice 00:30:11.930 --> 00:30:13.280 align:center line:90% is that there's an environment. 00:30:13.280 --> 00:30:14.750 align:center line:90% It says Quorum Studio. 00:30:14.750 --> 00:30:16.760 align:center line:84% And then inside of that environment, 00:30:16.760 --> 00:30:19.130 align:center line:84% there's all sorts of graphical things. 00:30:19.130 --> 00:30:22.640 align:center line:84% And intuitively, you might think, oh cool, 00:30:22.640 --> 00:30:24.663 align:center line:84% he made something graphical that doesn't 00:30:24.663 --> 00:30:26.330 align:center line:84% work for people with disabilities at all 00:30:26.330 --> 00:30:28.340 align:center line:90% if you're blind especially. 00:30:28.340 --> 00:30:32.330 align:center line:84% So part of the challenge and what's 00:30:32.330 --> 00:30:34.160 align:center line:84% actually taken so long at Quorum to build 00:30:34.160 --> 00:30:35.750 align:center line:84% is we've developed this thing that we 00:30:35.750 --> 00:30:37.190 align:center line:90% call accessible graphics. 00:30:37.190 --> 00:30:39.680 align:center line:84% And I'll show you an example later. 00:30:39.680 --> 00:30:41.120 align:center line:90% What is accessible graphics? 00:30:41.120 --> 00:30:44.810 align:center line:84% Accessible graphics means that you have magic tricks 00:30:44.810 --> 00:30:48.215 align:center line:84% to trick the graphics system so that they can be accessible 00:30:48.215 --> 00:30:49.590 align:center line:84% even if you can't see the screen. 00:30:49.590 --> 00:30:54.600 align:center line:84% So if you flip to the next slide, Richard, 00:30:54.600 --> 00:30:59.172 align:center line:84% please, what you'll notice on here is a series of charts. 00:30:59.172 --> 00:31:01.130 align:center line:84% And I'm just going to use charts as an example, 00:31:01.130 --> 00:31:02.960 align:center line:84% but it's not exclusive to charts. 00:31:02.960 --> 00:31:05.660 align:center line:84% Technically speaking, the accessible graphics 00:31:05.660 --> 00:31:07.190 align:center line:84% that we've been working on actually 00:31:07.190 --> 00:31:09.170 align:center line:84% applies to any arbitrary graphics-- 00:31:09.170 --> 00:31:12.200 align:center line:84% 3D, 2D, shaders, whatever you want. 00:31:12.200 --> 00:31:16.550 align:center line:84% And inside of Quorum, we've spent several years 00:31:16.550 --> 00:31:19.820 align:center line:84% developing little tricks to trick the hardware systems so 00:31:19.820 --> 00:31:21.890 align:center line:84% that you can also communicate with screen readers 00:31:21.890 --> 00:31:22.940 align:center line:90% at the same time. 00:31:22.940 --> 00:31:24.930 align:center line:90% Now, how does that work? 00:31:24.930 --> 00:31:27.230 align:center line:84% Well, it's complicated because it turns out 00:31:27.230 --> 00:31:30.680 align:center line:84% that trying to make something like OpenGL, 00:31:30.680 --> 00:31:33.080 align:center line:84% or WebGL, or stuff on various platforms 00:31:33.080 --> 00:31:35.720 align:center line:84% talk to screen readers isn't easy. 00:31:35.720 --> 00:31:37.610 align:center line:84% And there's all sorts of reasons for that I 00:31:37.610 --> 00:31:40.460 align:center line:84% won't go into related to how they 00:31:40.460 --> 00:31:42.308 align:center line:84% send stuff around in memory and things 00:31:42.308 --> 00:31:43.850 align:center line:84% that you wouldn't think would matter, 00:31:43.850 --> 00:31:46.737 align:center line:84% but that should matter a whole heck of a lot. 00:31:46.737 --> 00:31:48.320 align:center line:84% So let's take a look at some of these. 00:31:48.320 --> 00:31:51.500 align:center line:84% If you look on the left, you'll see a chart. 00:31:51.500 --> 00:31:53.330 align:center line:84% And in that chart, on the very top, 00:31:53.330 --> 00:31:56.370 align:center line:84% it says bar chart, 1 column, 2 factors. 00:31:56.370 --> 00:31:59.900 align:center line:84% So inside of Quorum, yes, it generates graphics. 00:31:59.900 --> 00:32:03.740 align:center line:84% But behind the scenes, depending upon how you're rendering it, 00:32:03.740 --> 00:32:06.930 align:center line:84% it actually sends structure to the operating system. 00:32:06.930 --> 00:32:10.280 align:center line:84% So notably, what it does is it breaks that chart down 00:32:10.280 --> 00:32:12.170 align:center line:90% into a series of little pieces. 00:32:12.170 --> 00:32:14.850 align:center line:84% And it says, hey, operating system, 00:32:14.850 --> 00:32:17.120 align:center line:84% here's how you interact with those pieces. 00:32:17.120 --> 00:32:21.710 align:center line:84% And then the screen reader can choose to optionally understand 00:32:21.710 --> 00:32:23.220 align:center line:90% that structure or not. 00:32:23.220 --> 00:32:27.380 align:center line:84% And when I say choose, I'm not joking around. 00:32:27.380 --> 00:32:30.690 align:center line:84% This goes back to what Lauren said, 00:32:30.690 --> 00:32:33.080 align:center line:84% which is that different browsers and screen readers can 00:32:33.080 --> 00:32:34.500 align:center line:90% make their own decisions. 00:32:34.500 --> 00:32:35.810 align:center line:90% That's completely true. 00:32:35.810 --> 00:32:37.980 align:center line:90% Operating systems can as well. 00:32:37.980 --> 00:32:40.850 align:center line:84% For example, I could tell the operating system 00:32:40.850 --> 00:32:42.680 align:center line:84% that that's a chart, but operating systems 00:32:42.680 --> 00:32:43.740 align:center line:90% don't understand charts. 00:32:43.740 --> 00:32:45.657 align:center line:84% There is no such thing as an accessible chart. 00:32:45.657 --> 00:32:46.640 align:center line:90% It doesn't exist. 00:32:46.640 --> 00:32:49.280 align:center line:84% But I can tell it that I can change the focus. 00:32:49.280 --> 00:32:51.620 align:center line:84% And I can tell it that there are bars 00:32:51.620 --> 00:32:54.740 align:center line:84% and that I can go up and down on them and things like that. 00:32:54.740 --> 00:32:56.220 align:center line:90% The web is actually different. 00:32:56.220 --> 00:32:59.240 align:center line:84% So if I take that exact same chart in Quorum 00:32:59.240 --> 00:33:02.360 align:center line:84% and I press a different button to make it magically 00:33:02.360 --> 00:33:05.420 align:center line:84% go somewhere else, then it'll generate it either 00:33:05.420 --> 00:33:09.050 align:center line:84% in, a, OpenGL on the web in WebGL, 00:33:09.050 --> 00:33:12.890 align:center line:84% or it will generate it as an SVG, 00:33:12.890 --> 00:33:14.420 align:center line:90% as scalable vector graphics. 00:33:14.420 --> 00:33:19.070 align:center line:84% Basically, it tricks the browsers in different ways 00:33:19.070 --> 00:33:23.090 align:center line:84% than it tricks other operating systems, like Windows and stuff 00:33:23.090 --> 00:33:24.660 align:center line:90% like that. 00:33:24.660 --> 00:33:26.345 align:center line:84% So just to give you a rough example-- 00:33:26.345 --> 00:33:28.220 align:center line:84% I won't show you a direct demo of the charts, 00:33:28.220 --> 00:33:31.190 align:center line:84% but you can do things navigate between the charts. 00:33:31.190 --> 00:33:32.780 align:center line:90% You can go to the legends. 00:33:32.780 --> 00:33:34.050 align:center line:90% You can ask get information. 00:33:34.050 --> 00:33:35.270 align:center line:90% You can go to the titles. 00:33:35.270 --> 00:33:38.480 align:center line:84% You can navigate to things in different kinds of structures, 00:33:38.480 --> 00:33:41.840 align:center line:84% get the factors, get independent variables. 00:33:41.840 --> 00:33:44.450 align:center line:84% And there's a lot of interesting questions related to how you 00:33:44.450 --> 00:33:46.130 align:center line:90% manage things like graphics. 00:33:46.130 --> 00:33:48.170 align:center line:84% For example, if you had a box plot, 00:33:48.170 --> 00:33:50.810 align:center line:84% should it present the p value for the box plot between 00:33:50.810 --> 00:33:52.280 align:center line:90% groups/ I have no idea. 00:33:52.280 --> 00:33:54.680 align:center line:84% But the thing that's interesting about graphics 00:33:54.680 --> 00:33:57.530 align:center line:84% is that there's so little exploration in the literature, 00:33:57.530 --> 00:34:00.140 align:center line:84% you can kind of experiment a bit and play around 00:34:00.140 --> 00:34:03.860 align:center line:84% with what might be interesting for people with disabilities. 00:34:03.860 --> 00:34:05.420 align:center line:84% If you look at the other two charts-- 00:34:05.420 --> 00:34:07.220 align:center line:84% I won't go over them in great detail. 00:34:07.220 --> 00:34:11.070 align:center line:84% But if you look at the one on the top in the middle, 00:34:11.070 --> 00:34:12.860 align:center line:84% that's what's called a multi-chart. 00:34:12.860 --> 00:34:14.330 align:center line:90% And those are accessible, too. 00:34:14.330 --> 00:34:16.280 align:center line:84% These are not alternate descriptions. 00:34:16.280 --> 00:34:18.350 align:center line:84% They are auto-generated structure 00:34:18.350 --> 00:34:20.300 align:center line:90% that Quorum knows how to manage. 00:34:20.300 --> 00:34:23.449 align:center line:84% So behind the scenes, if a person that is blind 00:34:23.449 --> 00:34:25.940 align:center line:84% is using this chart, then they can navigate 00:34:25.940 --> 00:34:27.380 align:center line:90% between the multi-chart. 00:34:27.380 --> 00:34:29.540 align:center line:84% They can navigate to the legend and get information 00:34:29.540 --> 00:34:30.889 align:center line:90% about p values and stuff. 00:34:30.889 --> 00:34:33.530 align:center line:84% They can then get information about the regression line. 00:34:33.530 --> 00:34:37.520 align:center line:84% It's massively more information that you 00:34:37.520 --> 00:34:40.460 align:center line:84% can get from the system compared to simply like 00:34:40.460 --> 00:34:43.370 align:center line:84% an alternate description, essentially. 00:34:43.370 --> 00:34:44.870 align:center line:84% On the bottom is something similar. 00:34:44.870 --> 00:34:46.010 align:center line:90% That's box plots. 00:34:46.010 --> 00:34:48.034 align:center line:84% And so there's lots of interesting questions. 00:34:48.034 --> 00:34:49.909 align:center line:84% Should you be able to get to the median line? 00:34:49.909 --> 00:34:51.659 align:center line:84% Should you be able to get to the whiskers? 00:34:51.659 --> 00:34:55.010 align:center line:84% And so to a certain extent, part of the challenge of the Quorum 00:34:55.010 --> 00:34:58.580 align:center line:84% project is trying to figure out what information you even 00:34:58.580 --> 00:35:00.890 align:center line:84% want to get, if you're a person that's blind. 00:35:00.890 --> 00:35:04.670 align:center line:84% And that often requires us to basically go talk to people 00:35:04.670 --> 00:35:06.650 align:center line:84% and ask them, what do you want here? 00:35:06.650 --> 00:35:09.170 align:center line:90% Stuff like that. 00:35:09.170 --> 00:35:10.988 align:center line:84% Oh, and I forgot to mention-- you 00:35:10.988 --> 00:35:12.530 align:center line:84% don't need to go back to it, Richard. 00:35:12.530 --> 00:35:14.405 align:center line:84% But on the previous slide, there was actually 00:35:14.405 --> 00:35:15.530 align:center line:90% a development environment. 00:35:15.530 --> 00:35:17.030 align:center line:84% And in that development environment, 00:35:17.030 --> 00:35:19.880 align:center line:84% that is also OpenGL rendered through the same Quorum 00:35:19.880 --> 00:35:21.650 align:center line:90% systems built in the same way. 00:35:21.650 --> 00:35:25.070 align:center line:84% It is not like anything but Quorum under the hood 00:35:25.070 --> 00:35:28.460 align:center line:84% because we need to be able to present all sorts of stuff. 00:35:28.460 --> 00:35:31.910 align:center line:84% On the right here is a picture of a phone. 00:35:31.910 --> 00:35:33.890 align:center line:84% The phone is running out of battery. 00:35:33.890 --> 00:35:39.980 align:center line:84% And there is a ball and a series of blocks on the screen. 00:35:39.980 --> 00:35:43.940 align:center line:84% Those blocks of a screen involve 3D graphics, not 2D. 00:35:43.940 --> 00:35:46.460 align:center line:84% But it turns out, once you have solved 00:35:46.460 --> 00:35:48.290 align:center line:84% accessible graphics, that actually doesn't 00:35:48.290 --> 00:35:50.070 align:center line:90% matter for accessibility. 00:35:50.070 --> 00:35:52.275 align:center line:84% Whether it's a 2D item or a 3D item, 00:35:52.275 --> 00:35:53.900 align:center line:84% it actually doesn't make any difference 00:35:53.900 --> 00:35:56.690 align:center line:84% because the operating system gets the structure. 00:35:56.690 --> 00:36:00.140 align:center line:84% And this works both on the web and it works 00:36:00.140 --> 00:36:01.970 align:center line:90% on Windows for the moment. 00:36:01.970 --> 00:36:05.580 align:center line:84% We're working on Mac and TalkBack support as well. 00:36:05.580 --> 00:36:09.030 align:center line:84% But the point is whether it's 2D 3D doesn't really matter. 00:36:09.030 --> 00:36:10.730 align:center line:84% And so Quorum actually has built-in 00:36:10.730 --> 00:36:12.470 align:center line:84% a series of game engine libraries 00:36:12.470 --> 00:36:15.140 align:center line:84% and also game editors, scene editors, 00:36:15.140 --> 00:36:18.200 align:center line:84% so that you could even do 3D game creation. 00:36:18.200 --> 00:36:20.240 align:center line:84% And you can use a screen reader to do it. 00:36:20.240 --> 00:36:24.380 align:center line:84% So you can actually go in and use Unity 3D-style game editors 00:36:24.380 --> 00:36:25.860 align:center line:90% and they're accessible. 00:36:25.860 --> 00:36:29.320 align:center line:84% They're not perfect, but they're accessible. 00:36:29.320 --> 00:36:32.090 align:center line:90% Next slide, please. 00:36:32.090 --> 00:36:35.450 align:center line:84% Besides all sorts of fun stuff with graphics, 00:36:35.450 --> 00:36:37.100 align:center line:84% my obsession is to try to get anything 00:36:37.100 --> 00:36:40.410 align:center line:84% as hyper graphical as possible, as accessible as possible. 00:36:40.410 --> 00:36:41.960 align:center line:90% It has been for a while. 00:36:41.960 --> 00:36:43.647 align:center line:84% By the way, I should say, that actually 00:36:43.647 --> 00:36:45.980 align:center line:84% came because we did some interviews with young children. 00:36:45.980 --> 00:36:47.000 align:center line:90% And there was a child-- 00:36:47.000 --> 00:36:48.290 align:center line:84% I don't remember the person's name. 00:36:48.290 --> 00:36:49.873 align:center line:84% And I probably couldn't say it anyway. 00:36:49.873 --> 00:36:52.820 align:center line:84% But I asked them what they wanted to do. 00:36:52.820 --> 00:36:56.330 align:center line:84% And he said, I want to make computer games in 3D 00:36:56.330 --> 00:36:57.170 align:center line:90% with my friends. 00:36:57.170 --> 00:37:00.930 align:center line:84% And we said, but there's no technology to do that. 00:37:00.930 --> 00:37:02.970 align:center line:84% And he said, that's not my problem. 00:37:02.970 --> 00:37:06.060 align:center line:84% So that kind of inspired me over the years. 00:37:06.060 --> 00:37:08.900 align:center line:84% But in any case, besides all sorts 00:37:08.900 --> 00:37:12.230 align:center line:84% of utilities, and libraries, and stuff, 00:37:12.230 --> 00:37:14.910 align:center line:84% Quorum is used quite a bit at schools nowadays. 00:37:14.910 --> 00:37:16.160 align:center line:90% I don't know the exact number. 00:37:16.160 --> 00:37:18.035 align:center line:84% It's kind of hard to calculate, but somewhere 00:37:18.035 --> 00:37:21.000 align:center line:84% in the ballpark of 100,000 people. 00:37:21.000 --> 00:37:23.810 align:center line:84% And because of that, we have documentation 00:37:23.810 --> 00:37:26.870 align:center line:84% for a gazillion different things because people ask us for it, 00:37:26.870 --> 00:37:29.490 align:center line:90% and then we go and build it. 00:37:29.490 --> 00:37:33.230 align:center line:84% This is programming basics, graphics stuff, physics engine 00:37:33.230 --> 00:37:34.922 align:center line:90% stuff, audio libraries. 00:37:34.922 --> 00:37:37.130 align:center line:84% There's a digital signal processing library in there. 00:37:37.130 --> 00:37:39.230 align:center line:84% There's libraries for tactile and gesture support 00:37:39.230 --> 00:37:41.430 align:center line:90% on various mobile platforms. 00:37:41.430 --> 00:37:46.010 align:center line:84% We've got LEGO robotics support, networking, online stuff. 00:37:46.010 --> 00:37:48.080 align:center line:84% There's a database library, which we just 00:37:48.080 --> 00:37:50.840 align:center line:84% finished a study on not that long ago, 00:37:50.840 --> 00:37:52.820 align:center line:90% user interface design. 00:37:52.820 --> 00:37:55.070 align:center line:84% We have new libraries for data science. 00:37:55.070 --> 00:37:58.970 align:center line:84% Those are more coming online because of some recent NSF 00:37:58.970 --> 00:38:01.430 align:center line:84% work and include, so far as I can tell, 00:38:01.430 --> 00:38:03.740 align:center line:84% pretty much anything most scholars would 00:38:03.740 --> 00:38:05.600 align:center line:84% need all the way up through factor analysis, 00:38:05.600 --> 00:38:08.240 align:center line:84% but all the way as simple as calculate me the average 00:38:08.240 --> 00:38:10.010 align:center line:90% please. 00:38:10.010 --> 00:38:12.530 align:center line:84% Charts, all of which are accessible-- 00:38:12.530 --> 00:38:15.302 align:center line:84% we have high school courses and computer science principles, 00:38:15.302 --> 00:38:16.760 align:center line:84% which we developed in collaboration 00:38:16.760 --> 00:38:19.220 align:center line:84% with Code.org with their blessing, 00:38:19.220 --> 00:38:21.920 align:center line:84% and a whole ton of other stuff that I'm not 00:38:21.920 --> 00:38:24.860 align:center line:84% mentioning just because I don't want to bore people. 00:38:24.860 --> 00:38:28.460 align:center line:84% If you look on the right, there is a picture of one 00:38:28.460 --> 00:38:29.420 align:center line:90% of the tracks. 00:38:29.420 --> 00:38:32.030 align:center line:84% It's just one of them that we did last summer with teachers. 00:38:32.030 --> 00:38:34.730 align:center line:84% We did an accessible data science track just for fun 00:38:34.730 --> 00:38:37.070 align:center line:90% over at our annual conference. 00:38:37.070 --> 00:38:41.990 align:center line:84% And this was teaching people to make pie charts, and bar 00:38:41.990 --> 00:38:43.640 align:center line:84% charts, and stack charts, and all sorts 00:38:43.640 --> 00:38:45.350 align:center line:84% of stuff, which was a lot of fun, 00:38:45.350 --> 00:38:47.540 align:center line:84% in part because this particular venue has 00:38:47.540 --> 00:38:49.440 align:center line:90% a lot of people that can't see. 00:38:49.440 --> 00:38:55.543 align:center line:84% And it was sort of fascinating watching their brains light on 00:38:55.543 --> 00:38:57.710 align:center line:84% once they realized that this technology was actually 00:38:57.710 --> 00:38:58.470 align:center line:90% possible. 00:38:58.470 --> 00:39:00.410 align:center line:84% I remember very vividly there was someone 00:39:00.410 --> 00:39:03.110 align:center line:84% from APH, the American Printing House for the Blind, 00:39:03.110 --> 00:39:06.290 align:center line:84% that said she would immediately be going home and using it 00:39:06.290 --> 00:39:09.020 align:center line:84% for her job because they couldn't do that before. 00:39:09.020 --> 00:39:11.480 align:center line:84% And that's always kind of nice, that a lot 00:39:11.480 --> 00:39:13.610 align:center line:84% of these graphical things, they seem esoteric. 00:39:13.610 --> 00:39:16.490 align:center line:84% But in fact, a lot of people need 00:39:16.490 --> 00:39:19.340 align:center line:84% to be able to interact with all the stuff everybody else does. 00:39:19.340 --> 00:39:23.200 align:center line:84% And this sort of provides them an opportunity to do that. 00:39:23.200 --> 00:39:25.420 align:center line:90% Next slide, please. 00:39:25.420 --> 00:39:28.183 align:center line:84% So the last thing that we're working on now, 00:39:28.183 --> 00:39:29.850 align:center line:84% and then I promise I'll leave you alone, 00:39:29.850 --> 00:39:33.390 align:center line:84% is we've been developing an accessible block system. 00:39:33.390 --> 00:39:35.400 align:center line:90% And this is to try-- 00:39:35.400 --> 00:39:38.430 align:center line:84% partially inspired by Lauren, but others as well-- 00:39:38.430 --> 00:39:42.060 align:center line:84% to try to push down, make it a little bit less difficult 00:39:42.060 --> 00:39:45.780 align:center line:84% for especially younger individuals. 00:39:45.780 --> 00:39:47.670 align:center line:84% This is not the final look and feel. 00:39:47.670 --> 00:39:51.510 align:center line:84% But you'll notice that if you understand visually what 00:39:51.510 --> 00:39:55.230 align:center line:84% tools like Scratch, and Blockly, and others look like, 00:39:55.230 --> 00:39:59.400 align:center line:84% it does look somewhat similar to those environments. 00:39:59.400 --> 00:40:01.380 align:center line:84% As of right now, we're planning a version 00:40:01.380 --> 00:40:04.050 align:center line:84% on the web, which is going to use a shadow DOM architecture, 00:40:04.050 --> 00:40:06.150 align:center line:84% if you're familiar with that, in WebGL. 00:40:06.150 --> 00:40:10.010 align:center line:84% Offline, it's using hardware accelerated graphics. 00:40:10.010 --> 00:40:11.760 align:center line:84% And everything's rendered through shaders, 00:40:11.760 --> 00:40:14.190 align:center line:84% so there's no weird SVG rendering. 00:40:14.190 --> 00:40:18.060 align:center line:84% And it turns out that actually matters because of the way 00:40:18.060 --> 00:40:19.630 align:center line:84% accessible graphics actually works. 00:40:19.630 --> 00:40:22.320 align:center line:84% So if you want accessible blocks to be fully accessible, 00:40:22.320 --> 00:40:25.078 align:center line:84% you need to control the hardware to a certain extent in order 00:40:25.078 --> 00:40:27.120 align:center line:84% for it to actually play nice with screen readers. 00:40:27.120 --> 00:40:32.250 align:center line:84% We have learned the hard way, partially this summer. 00:40:32.250 --> 00:40:36.010 align:center line:84% So in any case, if you look on the screen, 00:40:36.010 --> 00:40:39.990 align:center line:84% you'll notice that one other challenge that we have when 00:40:39.990 --> 00:40:43.080 align:center line:84% developing accessible blocks is that it's not just a look. 00:40:43.080 --> 00:40:44.970 align:center line:84% Blocks, in order to be accessible, 00:40:44.970 --> 00:40:47.230 align:center line:84% have to work differently on different platforms. 00:40:47.230 --> 00:40:52.050 align:center line:84% So for example, if you're in a desktop programming 00:40:52.050 --> 00:40:54.360 align:center line:84% environment, which many kids in high school and younger 00:40:54.360 --> 00:40:58.050 align:center line:84% actually don't use-- they often use the web because of school 00:40:58.050 --> 00:41:00.000 align:center line:90% systems and other reasons-- 00:41:00.000 --> 00:41:02.760 align:center line:84% you need to carefully control keyboard controls and stuff 00:41:02.760 --> 00:41:03.400 align:center line:90% like that. 00:41:03.400 --> 00:41:06.990 align:center line:84% However, like Lauren said, it's very common at the very young 00:41:06.990 --> 00:41:08.530 align:center line:90% ages to use tablets. 00:41:08.530 --> 00:41:10.440 align:center line:84% And there's a lot of design considerations 00:41:10.440 --> 00:41:11.580 align:center line:90% to think about there. 00:41:11.580 --> 00:41:13.350 align:center line:90% Do you use vibration or not? 00:41:13.350 --> 00:41:15.510 align:center line:84% If it's on an iPad, you also don't get vibration. 00:41:15.510 --> 00:41:18.450 align:center line:84% But on an Android tablet, you do. 00:41:18.450 --> 00:41:21.720 align:center line:84% But Android tablets aren't use that much, 00:41:21.720 --> 00:41:23.430 align:center line:90% if you're specifically blind. 00:41:23.430 --> 00:41:25.980 align:center line:84% On the other hand, they're used much more commonly 00:41:25.980 --> 00:41:28.950 align:center line:84% outside the United States, which is something the Scratch Junior 00:41:28.950 --> 00:41:30.840 align:center line:84% team has told me very, very clearly, 00:41:30.840 --> 00:41:32.700 align:center line:90% that it's kind of US-centric. 00:41:32.700 --> 00:41:35.340 align:center line:84% So there's a lot of design considerations. 00:41:35.340 --> 00:41:38.100 align:center line:84% And in addition, Quorum is also general purpose. 00:41:38.100 --> 00:41:40.830 align:center line:84% So that means if we're going to be having work 00:41:40.830 --> 00:41:44.070 align:center line:84% for young children, we're going to have to scaffold similarly 00:41:44.070 --> 00:41:45.090 align:center line:90% to what Code.org does. 00:41:45.090 --> 00:41:48.330 align:center line:84% But we can't just ignore our users that 00:41:48.330 --> 00:41:51.030 align:center line:84% use it at a more professional level and say, oh sorry, 00:41:51.030 --> 00:41:52.810 align:center line:84% you don't get any of the benefits. 00:41:52.810 --> 00:41:55.440 align:center line:84% So that makes all sorts of interesting questions. 00:41:55.440 --> 00:41:58.200 align:center line:84% Do we include Git support in the design 00:41:58.200 --> 00:42:01.560 align:center line:84% of the blocks, which we have and some people use 00:42:01.560 --> 00:42:03.480 align:center line:84% in the community, including in high school? 00:42:03.480 --> 00:42:06.690 align:center line:84% Do we have line numbers, like you 00:42:06.690 --> 00:42:08.880 align:center line:84% would in a normal programming environment? 00:42:08.880 --> 00:42:11.670 align:center line:84% Should you have little buttons that 00:42:11.670 --> 00:42:13.200 align:center line:84% tell you what the affordances are, 00:42:13.200 --> 00:42:15.120 align:center line:84% which usually aren't in block environments? 00:42:15.120 --> 00:42:17.970 align:center line:84% There's some evidence that some of the locking mechanisms 00:42:17.970 --> 00:42:19.188 align:center line:90% are a little bit hard to use. 00:42:19.188 --> 00:42:20.730 align:center line:84% A nice little paper by Stephanie Ludi 00:42:20.730 --> 00:42:22.272 align:center line:84% came out recently talking about that. 00:42:22.272 --> 00:42:24.540 align:center line:84% And Neil Brown actually gave a wonderful talk 00:42:24.540 --> 00:42:27.580 align:center line:84% kind of summarizing some of those details recently for us. 00:42:27.580 --> 00:42:29.040 align:center line:90% Thank you, Neil. 00:42:29.040 --> 00:42:31.860 align:center line:84% In any case, this is not the final design of our block 00:42:31.860 --> 00:42:33.750 align:center line:84% system, but we are hoping to have-- 00:42:33.750 --> 00:42:38.610 align:center line:84% we're starting dogfooding our block system next month, 00:42:38.610 --> 00:42:41.220 align:center line:84% I think, so that we're going to be using it 00:42:41.220 --> 00:42:42.880 align:center line:84% for all of our program activities, 00:42:42.880 --> 00:42:45.640 align:center line:84% including creating the block system itself, 00:42:45.640 --> 00:42:48.480 align:center line:84% which is going to be quite an adventure, I imagine. 00:42:48.480 --> 00:42:50.190 align:center line:84% And then we're hoping to release this 00:42:50.190 --> 00:42:55.080 align:center line:84% to schools next summer in both an online and offline form, 00:42:55.080 --> 00:42:59.740 align:center line:84% assuming nothing goes wrong, which you never know. 00:42:59.740 --> 00:43:00.910 align:center line:90% So I think that's it for me. 00:43:00.910 --> 00:43:03.690 align:center line:84% So that's the Quorum project, in general. 00:43:03.690 --> 00:43:05.065 align:center line:84% And I'll hand it back to Richard. 00:43:05.065 --> 00:43:06.732 align:center line:84% RICHARD LADNER: Yeah, thank you, Stefik. 00:43:06.732 --> 00:43:07.668 align:center line:90% That was fantastic. 00:43:07.668 --> 00:43:09.210 align:center line:84% I don't have any questions right now, 00:43:09.210 --> 00:43:13.290 align:center line:84% but people hopefully are queuing up questions in the chat. 00:43:13.290 --> 00:43:19.200 align:center line:84% So we'll just finish off this main part with what you can do. 00:43:19.200 --> 00:43:23.190 align:center line:84% And promote the adoption of accessible curriculum tools 00:43:23.190 --> 00:43:25.230 align:center line:84% and pedagogy, I think, is the main thing. 00:43:25.230 --> 00:43:30.240 align:center line:84% And here, there are five things that are listed. 00:43:30.240 --> 00:43:32.400 align:center line:84% One is Quorum, we just heard about. 00:43:32.400 --> 00:43:33.930 align:center line:90% Blocks4All we just heard about. 00:43:33.930 --> 00:43:36.480 align:center line:84% There's Swift Playgrounds, which is straight out of Apple. 00:43:36.480 --> 00:43:39.420 align:center line:84% And that's accessible and built to be accessible, 00:43:39.420 --> 00:43:42.150 align:center line:90% or borne accessible, as we say. 00:43:42.150 --> 00:43:45.640 align:center line:84% There's also Code Jumper, which is in the bottom left there, 00:43:45.640 --> 00:43:49.720 align:center line:84% which is sort of a physical manifestation of programming, 00:43:49.720 --> 00:43:52.660 align:center line:90% which is kind of neat. 00:43:52.660 --> 00:43:57.120 align:center line:84% And that would be particularly good for perhaps definitely 00:43:57.120 --> 00:44:01.110 align:center line:84% blind kids, but maybe kids with autism or other disabilities. 00:44:01.110 --> 00:44:04.080 align:center line:84% And then finally, use the universal design 00:44:04.080 --> 00:44:08.400 align:center line:84% for learning principles and practices in your teaching. 00:44:08.400 --> 00:44:11.340 align:center line:84% And we're not going to cover that in our tools today. 00:44:11.340 --> 00:44:15.690 align:center line:84% But Maya Israel from University of Florida 00:44:15.690 --> 00:44:17.910 align:center line:84% has really spoken a lot about this. 00:44:17.910 --> 00:44:19.900 align:center line:84% And so that's something to think about. 00:44:19.900 --> 00:44:24.640 align:center line:84% And in the bottom right there are the three main components 00:44:24.640 --> 00:44:28.570 align:center line:84% of UDL practices-- engagement, representation, action, 00:44:28.570 --> 00:44:29.320 align:center line:90% and expression. 00:44:29.320 --> 00:44:31.000 align:center line:90% That's kind of abstract. 00:44:31.000 --> 00:44:35.860 align:center line:84% But learn more about UDL and how you can incorporate that 00:44:35.860 --> 00:44:37.795 align:center line:90% into your lessons. 00:44:40.890 --> 00:44:42.570 align:center line:90% We have resources here. 00:44:42.570 --> 00:44:47.520 align:center line:84% And these slides will be available, Brianna? 00:44:47.520 --> 00:44:50.160 align:center line:90% They'll be on our website? 00:44:50.160 --> 00:44:51.600 align:center line:84% BRIANNA BLASER: Yeah, and I can-- 00:44:51.600 --> 00:44:53.300 align:center line:84% I think if you share the slides with me, 00:44:53.300 --> 00:44:57.120 align:center line:84% I'll drop the link for them in the chat and a follow-up email. 00:44:57.120 --> 00:44:58.050 align:center line:90% RICHARD LADNER: Right. 00:44:58.050 --> 00:45:02.845 align:center line:84% And so these are all hidden links to some of the things. 00:45:02.845 --> 00:45:04.470 align:center line:84% A couple of things we didn't talk about 00:45:04.470 --> 00:45:10.710 align:center line:84% was the NCCSE Accessibility web page, which is excellent-- 00:45:10.710 --> 00:45:13.620 align:center line:84% the National Center for Accessible Education Materials 00:45:13.620 --> 00:45:16.410 align:center line:84% really focuses on blind and visually impaired, 00:45:16.410 --> 00:45:19.180 align:center line:84% but there's really a lot of neat stuff there. 00:45:19.180 --> 00:45:21.270 align:center line:84% And then the Creative Technology Research Lab 00:45:21.270 --> 00:45:24.660 align:center line:84% at the University of Florida has a lot of stuff 00:45:24.660 --> 00:45:28.350 align:center line:84% about UDL practices in computer science, 00:45:28.350 --> 00:45:31.840 align:center line:90% so targeted at computer science. 00:45:31.840 --> 00:45:37.470 align:center line:84% So I think we're up to questions and discussion. 00:45:49.618 --> 00:45:51.410 align:center line:84% BRIANNA BLASER: Well, I can ask a question. 00:45:51.410 --> 00:45:57.530 align:center line:84% We talked a lot in the context of Blocks4All and Quorum 00:45:57.530 --> 00:46:02.000 align:center line:84% about students who are blind or have low vision. 00:46:02.000 --> 00:46:04.730 align:center line:84% But what should we be thinking and talking about with regards 00:46:04.730 --> 00:46:06.680 align:center line:84% to other students with disabilities? 00:46:08.398 --> 00:46:10.440 align:center line:84% ANDREAS STEFIK: Well, there's a couple of things. 00:46:10.440 --> 00:46:11.880 align:center line:90% And others can jump in, too. 00:46:11.880 --> 00:46:14.190 align:center line:84% But one thing to immediately remember 00:46:14.190 --> 00:46:17.250 align:center line:84% is that a lot of access-- there's no operating system 00:46:17.250 --> 00:46:18.670 align:center line:90% command for blindness, right? 00:46:18.670 --> 00:46:20.080 align:center line:90% It doesn't work that way. 00:46:20.080 --> 00:46:21.660 align:center line:90% It's for accessibility. 00:46:21.660 --> 00:46:24.700 align:center line:84% And so oftentimes, if you have an application 00:46:24.700 --> 00:46:27.558 align:center line:84% and you're connecting to all the right accessibility pieces, 00:46:27.558 --> 00:46:29.100 align:center line:84% you actually get other stuff for free 00:46:29.100 --> 00:46:32.550 align:center line:84% that you probably don't realize, like tools for people 00:46:32.550 --> 00:46:34.712 align:center line:90% that are neurodiverse. 00:46:34.712 --> 00:46:37.170 align:center line:84% If you have closed captioning, those are used by the blind. 00:46:37.170 --> 00:46:39.340 align:center line:84% And there's other things that happen, vice versa. 00:46:39.340 --> 00:46:42.570 align:center line:84% So oftentimes, accessibility really 00:46:42.570 --> 00:46:44.730 align:center line:90% is universal design in disguise. 00:46:44.730 --> 00:46:48.360 align:center line:84% And so Laura and I have been talking about that because it's 00:46:48.360 --> 00:46:49.930 align:center line:90% a particularly hard challenge. 00:46:49.930 --> 00:46:53.190 align:center line:84% But at the same time, they are connected. 00:46:53.190 --> 00:46:56.995 align:center line:84% The one exception-- and I think that it's a hard one. 00:46:56.995 --> 00:46:58.870 align:center line:84% This is one reason why, at least in our case, 00:46:58.870 --> 00:47:02.530 align:center line:84% we care about accessible graphics is because I think 00:47:02.530 --> 00:47:05.910 align:center line:84% the prevailing hunch is that people with neurodiversity 00:47:05.910 --> 00:47:09.480 align:center line:84% might actually benefit from such tech, like things like blocks 00:47:09.480 --> 00:47:11.250 align:center line:84% and having visual representations. 00:47:11.250 --> 00:47:13.620 align:center line:84% And certainly, that's true with people that are deaf. 00:47:13.620 --> 00:47:19.860 align:center line:84% And so I don't want to just ignore graphical components 00:47:19.860 --> 00:47:21.960 align:center line:84% and pretend that they don't exist. 00:47:21.960 --> 00:47:24.030 align:center line:84% It does feel like it's a hard balance, 00:47:24.030 --> 00:47:26.460 align:center line:84% but the tech is pretty difficult. I don't know. 00:47:26.460 --> 00:47:29.645 align:center line:90% Lauren, do you disagree at all? 00:47:29.645 --> 00:47:31.270 align:center line:84% LAURA MILNE: No, I think I agree a lot. 00:47:31.270 --> 00:47:34.255 align:center line:84% I think, yeah, a lot of it's just universal design. 00:47:37.000 --> 00:47:40.240 align:center line:84% I mean, so yeah, we focus a lot on screen readers. 00:47:40.240 --> 00:47:42.340 align:center line:84% And in general, accessibility research 00:47:42.340 --> 00:47:45.340 align:center line:90% focuses a lot on screen readers. 00:47:45.340 --> 00:47:49.610 align:center line:84% But a lot of the other stuff kind of falls out, right? 00:47:49.610 --> 00:47:52.250 align:center line:84% Especially when you're thinking about input and output devices 00:47:52.250 --> 00:47:56.945 align:center line:84% particularly, if you can make your programs work for screen 00:47:56.945 --> 00:47:59.320 align:center line:84% readers, a lot of times, it works for various other input 00:47:59.320 --> 00:48:00.610 align:center line:90% and output devices. 00:48:00.610 --> 00:48:02.650 align:center line:84% But yeah, there's a lot less research looking 00:48:02.650 --> 00:48:06.700 align:center line:90% at other types of disabilities. 00:48:16.420 --> 00:48:19.832 align:center line:84% BRIANNA BLASER: I see Neil's hand. 00:48:19.832 --> 00:48:21.290 align:center line:84% NEIL BROWN: Yeah, so I'm interested 00:48:21.290 --> 00:48:24.530 align:center line:84% about this accessible 3D graphics 00:48:24.530 --> 00:48:29.180 align:center line:84% that you kind of hinted at on your slide, Stefik. 00:48:29.180 --> 00:48:32.150 align:center line:84% It seems to be that there's a lot of different levels 00:48:32.150 --> 00:48:35.810 align:center line:84% of abstraction you could represent that as 00:48:35.810 --> 00:48:37.400 align:center line:90% and present it to the user. 00:48:37.400 --> 00:48:40.460 align:center line:84% Could you say a little bit about what you went with 00:48:40.460 --> 00:48:43.820 align:center line:84% and the considerations in deciding that? 00:48:46.635 --> 00:48:47.510 align:center line:90% ANDREAS STEFIK: Sure. 00:48:47.510 --> 00:48:53.750 align:center line:84% So let me say first I'm unaware of another 3D graphics 00:48:53.750 --> 00:48:55.740 align:center line:84% environment that is blind accessible. 00:48:55.740 --> 00:49:00.320 align:center line:84% So if I'm fully honest, a lot of what we did was total guess, 00:49:00.320 --> 00:49:02.420 align:center line:84% and then show it to people, and tweak. 00:49:02.420 --> 00:49:05.300 align:center line:90% So I mean, that's just honest. 00:49:05.300 --> 00:49:09.680 align:center line:84% But I'll see if I can't make a quick-- 00:49:09.680 --> 00:49:12.483 align:center line:84% show you, so you don't have to guess. 00:49:12.483 --> 00:49:14.150 align:center line:84% Let me see if I can't pull up something. 00:49:14.150 --> 00:49:17.760 align:center line:84% Oops, let me give you a rough idea. 00:49:17.760 --> 00:49:21.270 align:center line:84% I don't have a demo ready, so there's that. 00:49:21.270 --> 00:49:24.780 align:center line:84% But let me see if I can't pull up a scene 00:49:24.780 --> 00:49:28.720 align:center line:90% and you can at least see what-- 00:49:28.720 --> 00:49:29.680 align:center line:90% and I'll describe. 00:49:29.680 --> 00:49:31.180 align:center line:84% RICHARD LADNER: One comment, Stefik, 00:49:31.180 --> 00:49:34.120 align:center line:84% is that I don't think it was a complete guess because you 00:49:34.120 --> 00:49:35.560 align:center line:90% have many years of experience. 00:49:35.560 --> 00:49:38.560 align:center line:90% And I think that counts. 00:49:38.560 --> 00:49:41.380 align:center line:90% It doesn't make it just a guess. 00:49:41.380 --> 00:49:43.510 align:center line:84% ANDREAS STEFIK: That's totally fair. 00:49:43.510 --> 00:49:45.580 align:center line:84% So I'm not going to flip on the screen 00:49:45.580 --> 00:49:48.040 align:center line:84% because I'm on my Mac at the moment and we don't have-- 00:49:48.040 --> 00:49:51.310 align:center line:84% the screen reader support for graphics, 00:49:51.310 --> 00:49:54.190 align:center line:84% it works on Windows, but not on Mac. 00:49:54.190 --> 00:49:57.280 align:center line:84% It's a flaw that we're working on that's going to take time. 00:49:57.280 --> 00:49:58.960 align:center line:84% You'll notice it's on the screen. 00:49:58.960 --> 00:50:02.710 align:center line:90% You've got a 3D box. 00:50:02.710 --> 00:50:05.800 align:center line:84% And inside of that 3D box, on the left, 00:50:05.800 --> 00:50:07.840 align:center line:84% you've got this palette of items. 00:50:07.840 --> 00:50:09.970 align:center line:90% So here's a castle battlement. 00:50:09.970 --> 00:50:13.610 align:center line:84% And inside of it, when you place it on the screen, 00:50:13.610 --> 00:50:15.220 align:center line:90% you can use the keys to do that. 00:50:15.220 --> 00:50:18.430 align:center line:84% And you can go in and then make items, and move them around, 00:50:18.430 --> 00:50:19.730 align:center line:90% and stuff like that. 00:50:19.730 --> 00:50:23.560 align:center line:84% And in terms of what the screen reader does, 00:50:23.560 --> 00:50:28.360 align:center line:84% this is actually really tricky because-- 00:50:28.360 --> 00:50:31.360 align:center line:84% briefest demo in the universe, sorry Neil. 00:50:31.360 --> 00:50:33.880 align:center line:84% I should do something more sophisticated. 00:50:33.880 --> 00:50:37.150 align:center line:84% So the tricky part is that when we actually show this 00:50:37.150 --> 00:50:40.150 align:center line:84% to people, there's a number of challenges that are very clear. 00:50:40.150 --> 00:50:43.420 align:center line:84% One is, how do you manage spatial relationships is 00:50:43.420 --> 00:50:45.620 align:center line:84% already difficult for obvious reasons. 00:50:45.620 --> 00:50:48.490 align:center line:84% And when we actually show it to people, 00:50:48.490 --> 00:50:52.930 align:center line:84% oftentimes, we provide things like the xyz coordinates. 00:50:52.930 --> 00:50:55.690 align:center line:84% And that does tell you the spatial relationships, 00:50:55.690 --> 00:50:57.250 align:center line:84% but you have to keep it in your head. 00:50:57.250 --> 00:50:58.210 align:center line:90% And that's tough. 00:50:58.210 --> 00:51:02.410 align:center line:84% So I suspect that there's probably ways to get at that. 00:51:02.410 --> 00:51:03.820 align:center line:90% And we've tried a couple. 00:51:03.820 --> 00:51:07.660 align:center line:84% And I don't have evidence on whether they're good or bad, 00:51:07.660 --> 00:51:09.350 align:center line:90% but I'll give you some examples. 00:51:09.350 --> 00:51:12.730 align:center line:84% One is if you are creating linked structures, 00:51:12.730 --> 00:51:15.610 align:center line:84% we have certain ways to gather things that are in the view 00:51:15.610 --> 00:51:18.230 align:center line:84% or in the camera, so it can tell you information like that. 00:51:18.230 --> 00:51:20.750 align:center line:84% In other words, what am I pointing at/ what am I looking 00:51:20.750 --> 00:51:21.250 align:center line:90% at? 00:51:21.250 --> 00:51:22.720 align:center line:84% It's kind of an aspect of the where 00:51:22.720 --> 00:51:25.000 align:center line:90% am I problem with blindness. 00:51:25.000 --> 00:51:29.560 align:center line:84% Another one that I think we largely failed at 00:51:29.560 --> 00:51:33.080 align:center line:84% was whenever you have nestings, it gets really tough. 00:51:33.080 --> 00:51:34.750 align:center line:84% So I remember, I was in a meeting 00:51:34.750 --> 00:51:36.760 align:center line:84% with a blind person looking at our tool. 00:51:36.760 --> 00:51:38.540 align:center line:84% And they were using JAWS, I think. 00:51:38.540 --> 00:51:42.610 align:center line:84% And they were trying to make a house with a table in it 00:51:42.610 --> 00:51:44.860 align:center line:90% and a candle on the table. 00:51:44.860 --> 00:51:47.067 align:center line:84% But the problem is the xyz coordinates 00:51:47.067 --> 00:51:48.400 align:center line:90% don't give you that information. 00:51:48.400 --> 00:51:49.420 align:center line:84% They tell you where they are, but they 00:51:49.420 --> 00:51:51.950 align:center line:84% don't tell you the height of the model and stuff like that. 00:51:51.950 --> 00:51:53.695 align:center line:84% So they would have this situation 00:51:53.695 --> 00:51:54.820 align:center line:90% where they'd have a candle. 00:51:54.820 --> 00:51:56.200 align:center line:84% It'd be slightly below the table. 00:51:56.200 --> 00:51:58.840 align:center line:84% And I'm like, visually, you could immediately tell. 00:51:58.840 --> 00:52:00.080 align:center line:90% It wouldn't be a problem. 00:52:00.080 --> 00:52:03.670 align:center line:84% But for this person, it wasn't because they couldn't 00:52:03.670 --> 00:52:06.190 align:center line:84% tell the relationship between the model size 00:52:06.190 --> 00:52:07.960 align:center line:84% and the candle in order to know that it's 00:52:07.960 --> 00:52:09.560 align:center line:90% on the table in the right spot. 00:52:09.560 --> 00:52:12.850 align:center line:84% So I think that our system right now gives you 00:52:12.850 --> 00:52:16.100 align:center line:84% a pretty good idea of where you are and what you're looking at. 00:52:16.100 --> 00:52:18.970 align:center line:84% But I don't think it does a very good job of telling you 00:52:18.970 --> 00:52:22.150 align:center line:84% the relationships between things when they're not 00:52:22.150 --> 00:52:25.240 align:center line:84% in exact increments, like this is a unit of 1 00:52:25.240 --> 00:52:26.860 align:center line:90% and this candle is a unit of 1. 00:52:26.860 --> 00:52:29.650 align:center line:84% So there's a lot of challenges with 3D 00:52:29.650 --> 00:52:32.140 align:center line:84% that I think are really neat and fascinating. 00:52:32.140 --> 00:52:34.270 align:center line:84% And so far, we've really only focused 00:52:34.270 --> 00:52:35.780 align:center line:90% on the spatial relationships. 00:52:35.780 --> 00:52:38.350 align:center line:84% And there's 1,000 studies that can be done 00:52:38.350 --> 00:52:40.010 align:center line:90% to try to make that better. 00:52:40.010 --> 00:52:41.510 align:center line:84% I don't know if that's a good answer 00:52:41.510 --> 00:52:44.920 align:center line:84% or not, but that's sort of what we've tried so far. 00:52:44.920 --> 00:52:46.683 align:center line:84% Seriously, I wrote this on a plane 00:52:46.683 --> 00:52:48.100 align:center line:84% because I thought it would be fun, 00:52:48.100 --> 00:52:50.267 align:center line:84% and then the team kind of went with it a little bit. 00:52:50.267 --> 00:52:52.750 align:center line:84% But we were just kind of screwing around. 00:52:52.750 --> 00:52:54.680 align:center line:84% We just were curious if we could do it. 00:52:54.680 --> 00:52:56.290 align:center line:90% And so it was kind of fun. 00:52:56.290 --> 00:52:57.340 align:center line:90% So anyway. 00:53:01.187 --> 00:53:02.520 align:center line:90% RICHARD LADNER: This is Richard. 00:53:02.520 --> 00:53:07.260 align:center line:84% One thing I found both you and Lauren, Stefik, 00:53:07.260 --> 00:53:11.070 align:center line:84% that what you've done is based on research, 00:53:11.070 --> 00:53:13.080 align:center line:90% but you've made it public. 00:53:13.080 --> 00:53:16.230 align:center line:84% So Blocks4All can be downloaded and be used. 00:53:16.230 --> 00:53:19.170 align:center line:84% And of course, it's being improved every summer 00:53:19.170 --> 00:53:21.360 align:center line:90% when you have time, Lauren. 00:53:21.360 --> 00:53:24.360 align:center line:84% And there's continuous improvement 00:53:24.360 --> 00:53:30.190 align:center line:84% on Quorum, and with all these new things with data science, 00:53:30.190 --> 00:53:31.390 align:center line:90% and so on. 00:53:31.390 --> 00:53:35.310 align:center line:84% So what motivates both of you to bring things out 00:53:35.310 --> 00:53:38.640 align:center line:84% of the research realm and into the public? 00:53:38.640 --> 00:53:40.650 align:center line:90% Maybe start with Lauren. 00:53:40.650 --> 00:53:41.400 align:center line:90% LAURA MILNE: Yeah. 00:53:41.400 --> 00:53:43.560 align:center line:84% And for me, it's the people, right? 00:53:43.560 --> 00:53:45.690 align:center line:84% So when I was developing Blocks4All 00:53:45.690 --> 00:53:50.280 align:center line:84% and even when I was using it, there's 00:53:50.280 --> 00:53:53.010 align:center line:84% students who are just so excited that they could actually do 00:53:53.010 --> 00:53:56.340 align:center line:90% something and program a robot. 00:53:56.340 --> 00:53:58.650 align:center line:84% And I was not initially planning to-- 00:53:58.650 --> 00:54:02.215 align:center line:84% I was kind of hesitant to put it on the App Store 00:54:02.215 --> 00:54:04.090 align:center line:84% because I was like, oh, I can make it better. 00:54:04.090 --> 00:54:06.780 align:center line:84% But I think just getting out there, 00:54:06.780 --> 00:54:10.080 align:center line:84% because there is so little out there for them to do, 00:54:10.080 --> 00:54:11.310 align:center line:90% that was really important. 00:54:11.310 --> 00:54:15.180 align:center line:84% And yeah, it just came out and people were just 00:54:15.180 --> 00:54:21.270 align:center line:84% pumped to be able to do something for these kids. 00:54:21.270 --> 00:54:22.680 align:center line:90% RICHARD LADNER: Stefik? 00:54:22.680 --> 00:54:25.260 align:center line:84% ANDREAS STEFIK: My story is the same, to be frank. 00:54:25.260 --> 00:54:26.970 align:center line:84% I can't come up with a better answer. 00:54:26.970 --> 00:54:29.160 align:center line:84% Although, I will say very specifically 00:54:29.160 --> 00:54:30.400 align:center line:90% why we decided to do that. 00:54:30.400 --> 00:54:31.500 align:center line:84% And that's because of a woman named 00:54:31.500 --> 00:54:33.875 align:center line:84% Sherry Hahn at the Washington State School for the Blind. 00:54:33.875 --> 00:54:35.430 align:center line:90% She's since retired. 00:54:35.430 --> 00:54:41.070 align:center line:84% But I remember she was talking about research 00:54:41.070 --> 00:54:43.320 align:center line:90% in disabilities work. 00:54:43.320 --> 00:54:45.870 align:center line:84% She basically went on a campaign to try to convince 00:54:45.870 --> 00:54:47.560 align:center line:90% me to do exactly that. 00:54:47.560 --> 00:54:49.890 align:center line:84% It wasn't in my blood because I'm an academic. 00:54:49.890 --> 00:54:50.880 align:center line:90% We write papers, right? 00:54:50.880 --> 00:54:52.050 align:center line:90% That's what we do. 00:54:52.050 --> 00:54:56.987 align:center line:84% But Sherry basically told me that the kids that 00:54:56.987 --> 00:54:59.070 align:center line:84% were at the Washington State School for the Blind, 00:54:59.070 --> 00:55:02.220 align:center line:84% they need things that they can learn programming with. 00:55:02.220 --> 00:55:03.150 align:center line:90% It's not a want. 00:55:03.150 --> 00:55:05.250 align:center line:84% It's a need because they want to participate 00:55:05.250 --> 00:55:07.020 align:center line:90% in the 21st century, right? 00:55:07.020 --> 00:55:09.025 align:center line:90% And that's, frankly, what-- 00:55:09.025 --> 00:55:10.650 align:center line:84% if you want to be a computer scientist, 00:55:10.650 --> 00:55:12.270 align:center line:90% you have to do stuff like that. 00:55:12.270 --> 00:55:15.570 align:center line:84% So she basically convinced me that it would probably 00:55:15.570 --> 00:55:17.790 align:center line:84% have more tangible impact on real people 00:55:17.790 --> 00:55:20.490 align:center line:84% than just writing a paper about it. 00:55:20.490 --> 00:55:21.630 align:center line:90% But that's hard. 00:55:21.630 --> 00:55:23.760 align:center line:84% I mean, as a full professor, I don't have to care. 00:55:23.760 --> 00:55:28.380 align:center line:84% But as I was going through the ranks, 00:55:28.380 --> 00:55:30.120 align:center line:84% you don't always get academic credit 00:55:30.120 --> 00:55:31.560 align:center line:90% for making something public. 00:55:31.560 --> 00:55:33.150 align:center line:84% It's just not part of the lifeblood. 00:55:33.150 --> 00:55:34.567 align:center line:84% I mean, my university doesn't even 00:55:34.567 --> 00:55:37.080 align:center line:84% have a category for that kind of stuff, not really. 00:55:37.080 --> 00:55:40.770 align:center line:84% And so it is a real kind of challenge 00:55:40.770 --> 00:55:42.990 align:center line:84% to figure out how do I balance my activities. 00:55:42.990 --> 00:55:44.800 align:center line:90% And I imagine I'm not alone. 00:55:44.800 --> 00:55:46.972 align:center line:84% Just on this call, I can see a bunch of people 00:55:46.972 --> 00:55:48.180 align:center line:90% that make their stuff public. 00:55:48.180 --> 00:55:52.320 align:center line:84% And that how to swing that pendulum back and forth 00:55:52.320 --> 00:55:53.590 align:center line:90% is a tricky issue. 00:55:53.590 --> 00:55:55.770 align:center line:84% But for me, it's the same answer as Lauren. 00:55:55.770 --> 00:55:56.830 align:center line:90% It's the people. 00:55:56.830 --> 00:55:58.080 align:center line:90% So they need this stuff. 00:56:00.870 --> 00:56:03.750 align:center line:84% RICHARD LADNER: I think also this area of accessible 00:56:03.750 --> 00:56:06.510 align:center line:84% technology that I work in and lots of us 00:56:06.510 --> 00:56:09.900 align:center line:84% work in, I think this occurs to many of us 00:56:09.900 --> 00:56:13.450 align:center line:84% that, my goodness, we shouldn't just be doing this research, 00:56:13.450 --> 00:56:15.910 align:center line:84% we should be doing something that is out there, 00:56:15.910 --> 00:56:17.920 align:center line:90% so people can actually use it. 00:56:17.920 --> 00:56:21.210 align:center line:84% And I think there's kind of a virtuous circle 00:56:21.210 --> 00:56:24.330 align:center line:84% there because when people start using it, they find flaws, 00:56:24.330 --> 00:56:28.470 align:center line:84% they find errors, and it makes these products better 00:56:28.470 --> 00:56:29.760 align:center line:90% over time. 00:56:29.760 --> 00:56:31.830 align:center line:84% I was going to mention that there's 00:56:31.830 --> 00:56:36.900 align:center line:84% this event going on today and tomorrow called Sight Tech 00:56:36.900 --> 00:56:37.800 align:center line:90% Global. 00:56:37.800 --> 00:56:41.015 align:center line:84% And it has most of the presentations are recorded, 00:56:41.015 --> 00:56:43.140 align:center line:84% so you don't have to be there at a particular time. 00:56:43.140 --> 00:56:48.240 align:center line:84% But I'll put this into the chat, the link to it. 00:56:48.240 --> 00:56:53.760 align:center line:84% So one thing-- I went to one of the sessions today. 00:56:53.760 --> 00:56:58.230 align:center line:84% And it was about a new tactile graphics display 00:56:58.230 --> 00:57:00.240 align:center line:84% that's being developed by the American Printing 00:57:00.240 --> 00:57:04.230 align:center line:84% House for the Blind in cooperation with Humanware. 00:57:04.230 --> 00:57:07.800 align:center line:84% And so it really interesting to see that demo. 00:57:07.800 --> 00:57:10.230 align:center line:84% And I know we're big into screen readers, 00:57:10.230 --> 00:57:13.290 align:center line:90% but there still is tactile. 00:57:13.290 --> 00:57:16.750 align:center line:84% And tactile is very important for blind people. 00:57:16.750 --> 00:57:19.350 align:center line:84% So that's another question, maybe for Lauren. 00:57:19.350 --> 00:57:21.870 align:center line:84% And one of the things about the iPad 00:57:21.870 --> 00:57:24.735 align:center line:84% that we liked when we started working on it was it 00:57:24.735 --> 00:57:26.760 align:center line:90% was tactile. 00:57:26.760 --> 00:57:27.930 align:center line:90% You got feedback. 00:57:27.930 --> 00:57:34.890 align:center line:84% And so for example, you put the program or the workspace 00:57:34.890 --> 00:57:36.510 align:center line:84% at the very bottom along the edge 00:57:36.510 --> 00:57:39.750 align:center line:90% rather than freely floating. 00:57:39.750 --> 00:57:41.460 align:center line:84% And that was a conscious decision, 00:57:41.460 --> 00:57:45.060 align:center line:84% I remember that, because people can find the edge. 00:57:45.060 --> 00:57:47.370 align:center line:84% Also, they can't explore with their one 00:57:47.370 --> 00:57:48.622 align:center line:90% finger the different elements. 00:57:48.622 --> 00:57:50.580 align:center line:84% And they can look over their program and things 00:57:50.580 --> 00:57:53.730 align:center line:84% like that with the one finger exploration 00:57:53.730 --> 00:57:56.970 align:center line:84% that the screen readers allow with touch. 00:57:56.970 --> 00:58:00.510 align:center line:84% So it's not like tactile in the sense of a tactile graphic, 00:58:00.510 --> 00:58:05.670 align:center line:84% but it is tactile the sense of at least spatial tactile. 00:58:05.670 --> 00:58:09.500 align:center line:84% So I thought that was kind of interesting in its own right. 00:58:09.500 --> 00:58:11.470 align:center line:84% And so Stefik, your stuff is going 00:58:11.470 --> 00:58:14.770 align:center line:90% to be pretty much not tactile. 00:58:14.770 --> 00:58:16.060 align:center line:90% Is that right, Stefik? 00:58:16.060 --> 00:58:17.950 align:center line:84% ANDREAS STEFIK: No, actually, we are 00:58:17.950 --> 00:58:21.010 align:center line:84% going to have a tactile version for all this. 00:58:21.010 --> 00:58:26.470 align:center line:84% That's in collaboration with Nick Giudice in Maine and Jenna 00:58:26.470 --> 00:58:28.660 align:center line:90% Gorlewicz Saint Louis. 00:58:28.660 --> 00:58:31.270 align:center line:84% We do have a tactile version planned. 00:58:31.270 --> 00:58:36.128 align:center line:84% But there's a lot of design questions about that. 00:58:36.128 --> 00:58:38.170 align:center line:84% How do you navigate the charts when it's tactile? 00:58:38.170 --> 00:58:40.660 align:center line:84% How do you navigate the programming environment? 00:58:40.660 --> 00:58:42.430 align:center line:90% What should it include? 00:58:42.430 --> 00:58:45.367 align:center line:84% Because it's not the same on a tablet. 00:58:45.367 --> 00:58:46.450 align:center line:90% Lauren's shaking her head. 00:58:46.450 --> 00:58:47.408 align:center line:90% Obviously, that's true. 00:58:47.408 --> 00:58:50.480 align:center line:84% So it's a very different kind of experience. 00:58:50.480 --> 00:58:54.470 align:center line:84% So the design is TBD, but we are working on it. 00:58:54.470 --> 00:58:56.720 align:center line:84% So yeah, we're experimenting quite a bit. 00:58:56.720 --> 00:59:01.090 align:center line:84% It's one reason why we've been adding support for TalkBack 00:59:01.090 --> 00:59:03.580 align:center line:90% or VoiceOver into Quorum. 00:59:06.438 --> 00:59:07.480 align:center line:90% BRIANNA BLASER: Go ahead. 00:59:07.480 --> 00:59:10.120 align:center line:84% I was just going to say, we're just about at our time, 00:59:10.120 --> 00:59:13.180 align:center line:90% but this was a great discussion. 00:59:13.180 --> 00:59:16.120 align:center line:84% And if anybody has any questions, 00:59:16.120 --> 00:59:19.330 align:center line:84% it seems like Stefik and folks might 00:59:19.330 --> 00:59:21.500 align:center line:84% be willing to talk for another minute.